Matching
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Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | positron | d. | transuranium element | b. | alpha particle | e. | gamma radiation | c. | beta
particle | f. | transmutation |
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1.
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element with atomic number greater than 92
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2.
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emitted helium nucleus
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3.
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energetic electron from decomposed neutron
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4.
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high-energy photons emitted by a radioisotope
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5.
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particle of charge +1 and mass equal to that of an electron
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6.
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conversion of an atom of one element to an atom of another element
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Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | fission | e. | scintillation counter | b. | fusion | f. | neutron absorption | c. | Geiger counter | g. | neutron moderation | d. | radioisotope |
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7.
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element with unstable nucleus
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8.
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combination of two nuclei to form a nucleus of greater mass
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9.
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process that decreases the number of slow-moving neutrons
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10.
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splitting of nucleus into smaller fragments
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11.
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process that slows down neutrons so a reactor fuel can capture them to continue
a chain reaction
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12.
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radiation detector that makes use of a phosphor-coated surface
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13.
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radiation detector that makes use of a gas-filled metal tube
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Multiple Choice Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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14.
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An unstable nucleus ____.
a. | increases its nuclear mass by fission | c. | emits energy when it
decays | b. | increases its half-life | d. | expels all of its protons |
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15.
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The charge on a gamma ray is ____.
a. | +2 | c. | 0 | b. | 1 | d. | 2 |
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16.
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The charge on an alpha particle is ____.
a. | 2 | c. | -1 | b. | +2 | d. | 1 |
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17.
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The charge on a beta particle is ____.
a. | +2 | c. | -1 | b. | 1 | d. | 2 |
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18.
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What particle is emitted in alpha radiation?
a. | electron | c. | helium nucleus | b. | photon | d. | hydrogen
nucleus |
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19.
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A beta particle is a(n) ____.
a. | photon | c. | helium nucleus | b. | electron | d. | hydrogen
nucleus |
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20.
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What is the change in atomic mass when an atom emits a beta particle?
a. | decreases by 2 | c. | remains the same | b. | decreases by 1 | d. | increases by 1 |
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21.
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What is the change in atomic mass when an atom emits gamma radiation?
a. | decreases by 2 | c. | remains the same | b. | decreases by 1 | d. | increases by 1 |
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22.
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The least penetrating form of radiation is ____.
a. | beta radiation | c. | alpha radiation | b. | gamma radiation | d. | X rays |
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23.
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What is the change in the atomic number when an atom emits an alpha
particle?
a. | decreases by 2 | c. | increases by 1 | b. | decreases by 1 | d. | increases by 2 |
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24.
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What is the change in atomic number when an atom emits a beta particle?
a. | decreases by 2 | c. | increases by 2 | b. | decreases by 1 | d. | increases by 1 |
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25.
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What is the change in atomic number caused by the emission of gamma
radiation?
a. | decreases by 2 | c. | remains the same | b. | decreases by 1 | d. | increases by 1 |
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26.
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Which symbol is used for an alpha particle?
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27.
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Which of the following materials is necessary to stop an alpha particle?
a. | three feet of concrete | c. | single sheet of aluminum foil | b. | three inches of
lead | d. | single sheet of
paper |
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28.
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What particle decomposes to produce the electron of beta radiation?
a. | proton | c. | electron | b. | neutron | d. | positron |
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29.
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What symbol is used for beta radiation?
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30.
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What particle is needed to complete this nuclear reaction? Rn Po + _____
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31.
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When radium-226 (atomic number 88) decays by emitting an alpha particle, it
becomes ____.
a. | polonium-222 | c. | radium-222 | b. | polonium-224 | d. | radon-222 |
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32.
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What particle is needed to complete the following nuclear equation? Mn ____ + e
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33.
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What particle is needed to complete the following equation? N + ____
C + H
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34.
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What is the approximate half-life of uranium-238?
a. | hundreds of years | c. | millions of years | b. | thousands of years | d. | billions of
years |
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35.
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Which of the following naturally occurring radioisotopes would be most useful in
dating objects thought to be millions of years old?
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36.
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What happens in a chain reaction?
a. | Products that start a new reaction are released. | b. | Reactants that have
two parts split. | c. | Products that are radioactive are lost. | d. | Radioactive
reactants are deposited on control rods. |
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37.
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Nuclear fusion ____.
a. | takes place in the sun | c. | can be controlled in the laboratory | b. | occurs at low
temperatures | d. | is used in
medicine |
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38.
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What instrument is used routinely to check a person's exposure to
radiation?
a. | Geiger counter | c. | film badge | b. | scintillation counter | d. | moderating rod |
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39.
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Radiation therapy is used to ____.
a. | study reaction mechanisms | c. | treat cancer | b. | detect
elements | d. | initiate neutron
activation analysis |
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40.
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Radioisotopes taken internally for medical reasons ____.
a. | must be eliminated from the body slowly | b. | should be
fissionable isotopes | c. | are usually deposited in fat
tissue | d. | should have a short half-life |
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