Chemistry Chapter 25 (Prentice)
 
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Chemistry Chapter 25 (Prentice)

Matching
 
 
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a.
positron
d.
transuranium element
b.
alpha particle
e.
gamma radiation
c.
beta particle
f.
transmutation
 

 1. 

element with atomic number greater than 92
 

 2. 

emitted helium nucleus
 

 3. 

energetic electron from decomposed neutron
 

 4. 

high-energy photons emitted by a radioisotope
 

 5. 

particle of charge +1 and mass equal to that of an electron
 

 6. 

conversion of an atom of one element to an atom of another element
 
 
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a.
fission
e.
scintillation counter
b.
fusion
f.
neutron absorption
c.
Geiger counter
g.
neutron moderation
d.
radioisotope
 

 7. 

element with unstable nucleus
 

 8. 

combination of two nuclei to form a nucleus of greater mass
 

 9. 

process that decreases the number of slow-moving neutrons
 

 10. 

splitting of nucleus into smaller fragments
 

 11. 

process that slows down neutrons so a reactor fuel can capture them to continue a chain reaction
 

 12. 

radiation detector that makes use of a phosphor-coated surface
 

 13. 

radiation detector that makes use of a gas-filled metal tube
 

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 14. 

An unstable nucleus ____.
a.
increases its nuclear mass by fission
c.
emits energy when it decays
b.
increases its half-life
d.
expels all of its protons
 

 15. 

The charge on a gamma ray is ____.
a.
+2
c.
0
b.
mc015-1.jpg1
d.
mc015-2.jpg2
 

 16. 

The charge on an alpha particle is ____.
a.
mc016-1.jpg2
c.
-1
b.
+2
d.
mc016-2.jpg1
 

 17. 

The charge on a beta particle is ____.
a.
+2
c.
-1
b.
mc017-1.jpg1
d.
mc017-2.jpg2
 

 18. 

What particle is emitted in alpha radiation?
a.
electron
c.
helium nucleus
b.
photon
d.
hydrogen nucleus
 

 19. 

A beta particle is a(n) ____.
a.
photon
c.
helium nucleus
b.
electron
d.
hydrogen nucleus
 

 20. 

What is the change in atomic mass when an atom emits a beta particle?
a.
decreases by 2
c.
remains the same
b.
decreases by 1
d.
increases by 1
 

 21. 

What is the change in atomic mass when an atom emits gamma radiation?
a.
decreases by 2
c.
remains the same
b.
decreases by 1
d.
increases by 1
 

 22. 

The least penetrating form of radiation is ____.
a.
beta radiation
c.
alpha radiation
b.
gamma radiation
d.
X rays
 

 23. 

What is the change in the atomic number when an atom emits an alpha particle?
a.
decreases by 2
c.
increases by 1
b.
decreases by 1
d.
increases by 2
 

 24. 

What is the change in atomic number when an atom emits a beta particle?
a.
decreases by 2
c.
increases by 2
b.
decreases by 1
d.
increases by 1
 

 25. 

What is the change in atomic number caused by the emission of gamma radiation?
a.
decreases by 2
c.
remains the same
b.
decreases by 1
d.
increases by 1
 

 26. 

Which symbol is used for an alpha particle?
a.
mc026-1.jpgHe
c.
mc026-3.jpgHe
b.
mc026-2.jpgHe
d.
mc026-4.jpgHe
 

 27. 

Which of the following materials is necessary to stop an alpha particle?
a.
three feet of concrete
c.
single sheet of aluminum foil
b.
three inches of lead
d.
single sheet of paper
 

 28. 

What particle decomposes to produce the electron of beta radiation?
a.
proton
c.
electron
b.
neutron
d.
positron
 

 29. 

What symbol is used for beta radiation?
a.
mc029-1.jpge
c.
mc029-3.jpge
b.
mc029-2.jpge
d.
mc029-4.jpge
 

 30. 

What particle is needed to complete this nuclear reaction?
mc030-1.jpgRn mc030-2.jpg mc030-3.jpgPo + _____
a.
mc030-4.jpgHe
c.
mc030-6.jpgH
b.
mc030-5.jpge
d.
mc030-7.jpgn
 

 31. 

When radium-226 (atomic number 88) decays by emitting an alpha particle, it becomes ____.
a.
polonium-222
c.
radium-222
b.
polonium-224
d.
radon-222
 

 32. 

What particle is needed to complete the following nuclear equation?
mc032-1.jpgMn mc032-2.jpg ____ + mc032-3.jpge
a.
mc032-4.jpgCo
c.
mc032-6.jpgFe
b.
mc032-5.jpgMn
d.
mc032-7.jpgCr
 

 33. 

What particle is needed to complete the following equation?
mc033-1.jpgN + ____ mc033-2.jpg mc033-3.jpgC + mc033-4.jpgH
a.
mc033-5.jpgn
c.
mc033-7.jpgHe
b.
mc033-6.jpge
d.
mc033-8.jpge
 

 34. 

What is the approximate half-life of uranium-238?
a.
hundreds of years
c.
millions of years
b.
thousands of years
d.
billions of years
 

 35. 

Which of the following naturally occurring radioisotopes would be most useful in dating objects thought to be millions of years old?
a.
carbon-14; tmc035-1.jpg = 5.73 mc035-2.jpg 10mc035-3.jpg years
b.
potassium-40; tmc035-4.jpg = 1.28 mc035-5.jpg 10mc035-6.jpg years
c.
thorium-234; tmc035-7.jpg = 25 days
d.
radon-222; tmc035-8.jpg = 3.8 days
 

 36. 

What happens in a chain reaction?
a.
Products that start a new reaction are released.
b.
Reactants that have two parts split.
c.
Products that are radioactive are lost.
d.
Radioactive reactants are deposited on control rods.
 

 37. 

Nuclear fusion ____.
a.
takes place in the sun
c.
can be controlled in the laboratory
b.
occurs at low temperatures
d.
is used in medicine
 

 38. 

What instrument is used routinely to check a person's exposure to radiation?
a.
Geiger counter
c.
film badge
b.
scintillation counter
d.
moderating rod
 

 39. 

Radiation therapy is used to ____.
a.
study reaction mechanisms
c.
treat cancer
b.
detect elements
d.
initiate neutron activation analysis
 

 40. 

Radioisotopes taken internally for medical reasons ____.
a.
must be eliminated from the body slowly
b.
should be fissionable isotopes
c.
are usually deposited in fat tissue
d.
should have a short half-life
 



 
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