Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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The
Greek philosopher Democritus coined what word for a tiny piece of matter that cannot be
divided? a. | element | c. | electron | b. | atom | d. | molecule | | | | |
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2.
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Democritus thought that matter was made of tiny particles a. | of earth, air,
fire, and water. | b. | that could not be divided. | c. | that could be
divided. | d. | that were all round and smooth. | | |
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3.
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If 2
grams of element X combine with 4 grams of element Y to form compound XY, how many grams of element Y
would combine with 14 grams of X to form the same compound? a. | 7
grams | c. | 21
grams | b. | 14 grams | d. | 28 grams | | | | |
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4.
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According to John Dalton’s observations, when elements combine in a
compound, a. | the ratio of
their masses is always the same. | b. | each element contributes an equal number of
atoms. | c. | their volumes are always equal. | d. | their masses are
always equal. | | |
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5.
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Which
of the following is NOT part of John Dalton’s atomic theory? a. | All elements are
composed of atoms. | b. | All atoms of the same element have the same
mass. | c. | Atoms contain subatomic particles. | d. | A compound
contains atoms of more than one element. | | |
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6.
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Which
of the following most accurately represents John Dalton’s model of the atom? a. | a tiny, solid
sphere with an unpredictable mass for a given element | b. | a hollow sphere
with a dense nucleus | c. | a tiny, solid sphere with a predictable mass for a given
element | d. | a sphere that is hollow throughout | | |
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7.
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J. J.
Thomson’s experiments provided evidence that an atom a. | is the smallest
particle of matter. | b. | contains negatively charged
particles. | c. | has a negative charge. | d. | has a positive
charge. | | |
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Figure
4-1
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8.
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The
diagram in Figure 4-1 shows the results of Rutherford’s gold foil experiment. What caused some
of the alpha particles to bounce straight back from the gold foil? a. | electrons in the
gold atoms | c. | other alpha
particles | b. | negative charges in the gold
atoms | d. | nuclei in the
gold atoms | | | | |
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9.
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Rutherford’s gold foil experiment provided evidence for which of the following
statements? a. | Negative and
positive charges are spread evenly throughout an atom. | b. | Alpha particles
have a positive charge. | c. | Gold is not as dense as previously
thought. | d. | There is a dense, positively charged mass in the center of an
atom. | | |
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10.
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Who
provided evidence for the existence of a nucleus in an atom? a. | John
Dalton | c. | Democritus | b. | J. J. Thomson | d. | Ernest Rutherford | | | | |
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11.
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In an
atomic model that includes a nucleus, positive charge is a. | concentrated in
the center of an atom. | b. | spread evenly throughout an atom. | c. | concentrated at
multiple sites in an atom. | d. | located in the space outside the
nucleus. | | |
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12.
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Which
statement best describes Rutherford’s model of the atom? a. | It is like an
avocado with the pit representing the nucleus. | b. | It is like an
aquarium with swimming fish representing positive charges. | c. | It is like a
fried egg with the yolk representing the nucleus. | d. | It is like a
huge stadium with a positively charged marble at the center. | | |
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13.
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Which
subatomic particle has a negative charge? a. | electron | c. | neutron | b. | alpha
particle | d. | proton | | | | |
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14.
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Which
statement about subatomic particles is NOT true? a. | Protons and neutrons have almost the same
mass. | b. | Protons and electrons have opposite
charges. | c. | Unlike protons and electrons, neutrons have no
charge. | d. | Protons and neutrons have the same
charge. | | |
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15.
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Which
statement about subatomic particles is true? a. | Protons, neutrons, and electrons all have about the same
mass. | b. | Unlike protons or neutrons, electrons have no
mass. | c. | Neutrons have no charge and no mass. | d. | An electron has
far less mass than either a proton or neutron. | | |
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16.
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Which
of the following is unique for any given element? a. | the number of neutrons | c. | the number of protons | b. | the charge on
the electrons | d. | the mass of a
neutron | | | | |
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17.
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The
number of protons in one atom of an element is that element’s a. | mass
number. | c. | atomic
number. | b. | balanced charge. | d. | isotope. | | | | |
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18.
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To
find the number of neutrons in an atom, you would subtract a. | mass number from
atomic number. | c. | atomic number
from electron number. | b. | atomic number from mass number. | d. | isotope number from atomic number. | | | | |
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19.
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Suppose an atom has a mass number of 23. Which statement is true beyond any
doubt? a. | The atom has an
odd number of neutrons. | b. | The atomic number is less than 11. | c. | The atom is not
an isotope. | d. | The number of protons in the nucleus does not equal the number
of neutrons. | | |
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20.
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Which
statement is true about oxygen-17 and oxygen-18? a. | They do not have the same number of
protons. | b. | Their atoms have an identical mass. | c. | They are
isotopes of oxygen. | d. | The have the same mass number. | | |
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21.
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In
Niels Bohr’s model of the atom, electrons move a. | like balls
rolling down a hill. | c. | like popcorn in
a popcorn popper. | b. | like planets orbiting the sun. | d. | like beach balls on water waves. | | | | |
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22.
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What
can you assume has happened if an electron moves to a higher energy level? a. | The atom has
become more stable. | c. | The electron has
gained energy. | b. | The electron has lost energy. | d. | The atom has lost an electron. | | | | |
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23.
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How
was Bohr’s atomic model similar to Rutherford’s model? a. | It assigned
energy levels to electrons. | b. | It described electron position in terms of the electron cloud
model. | c. | It described how electrons gain or lose
energy. | d. | It described a nucleus surrounded by a large volume of
space. | | |
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24.
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Which
statement accurately represents the arrangement of electrons in Bohr’s atomic
model? a. | Electrons
vibrate in fixed locations around the nucleus. | b. | Electrons travel
around the nucleus in fixed energy levels with energies that vary from level to
level. | c. | Electrons travel around the nucleus in fixed energy levels with
equal amounts of energy. | d. | Electrons travel randomly in the relatively large space outside
the nucleus. | | |
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25.
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What
do scientists use to predict the locations of electrons in atoms? a. | probability | c. | geometry | b. | algebra | d. | ratios and proportions | | | | |
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26.
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What
does the electron cloud model describe? a. | the most likely locations of electrons in
atoms | b. | the precise locations of electrons in
atoms | c. | the number of electrons in an atom | d. | the mass of the
electrons in an atom | | |
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27.
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Which
statement about electrons and atomic orbitals is NOT true? a. | An electron has
the same amount of energy in all orbitals. | b. | An orbital can contain a maximum of two
electrons. | c. | An electron cloud represents all the orbitals in an
atom. | d. | An atom’s lowest energy level has only one
orbital. | | |
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28.
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Which
of the following provides the best analogy for an electron in an atomic orbital? a. | a bee moving
from flower to flower in a garden | b. | a bird resting on a tree branch | c. | an ant crawling
on the surface of a leaf | d. | a bee trying to escape from a closed
jar | | |
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29.
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What
is the difference between an atom in the ground state and an atom in an excited
state? a. | The atom in the
ground state has less energy and is less stable than the atom in an excited
state. | b. | The atom in an excited state has one fewer electron than the
atom in the ground state. | c. | The atom in an excited state has more energy and is less stable
than the atom in the ground state. | d. | The atom in an excited state has one more electron than the
atom in the ground state. | | |
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30.
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The
glowing of a neon light is caused by electrons emitting energy as they a. | move from lower
to higher energy levels. | b. | collide with other electrons. | c. | move from higher
to lower energy levels. | d. | collide with the nucleus. | | |
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