Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
|
|
|
1.
|
The minimum number of seismograph stations necessary to determine the location
of an earthquake’s epicenter is
a. | one. | c. | three. | b. | two. | d. | four. |
|
|
|
2.
|
A cinder cone is caused by
a. | converging plates. | b. | diverging plates. | c. | large amounts of gas
trapped in the magma. | d. | vents. |
|
|
|
3.
|
A mineral
a. | has a characteristic chemical composition. | b. | occurs
naturally. | c. | has an orderly internal structure. | d. | All of the
above |
|
|
|
4.
|
Which of the following is not a rock?
a. | granite | c. | marble | b. | shale | d. | quartz |
|
|
|
5.
|
Fossils are only found in which type of rock?
a. | igneous | c. | oxidized | b. | metamorphic | d. | sedimentary |
|
|
|
6.
|
Igneous rock forms from
a. | weathered rock particles. | c. | magma | b. | evaporation of
water. | d. | None of the
above |
|
|
|
7.
|
Scientists use isotopes that decay over millions of years to determine a
rock’s
a. | physical composition. | c. | relative age. | b. | chemical composition. | d. | absolute age. |
|
|
|
8.
|
The rock type formed as bits of other rocks are cemented together is
a. | igneous. | c. | sedimentary. | b. | metamorphic. | d. | magma. |
|
|
|
9.
|
The principle of superposition is used to determine
a. | the absolute age of rocks. | c. | the relative age of
rocks. | b. | how rocks are formed. | d. | how rocks are changed. |
|
|
|
10.
|
Which of these is an example of physical
weathering? a. | oxidation of minerals | c. | cave formation | b. | frost wedging | d. | acid rain |
|
|
|
11.
|
Underground limestone caves form
a. | from cooling and solidification of magma below the surface. | b. | from the compacting
and cementing of weathered rock fragments. | c. | when oxidation decomposes the minerals in the
rock. | d. | when the calcite is dissolved by carbonic acid in
rainwater. |
|
|
|
12.
|
Oceanic crust is
a. | thicker and less dense than continental crust. | b. | thinner and less
dense than continental crust. | c. | thicker and more dense than continental
crust. | d. | thinner and more dense than continental crust. |
|
|
|
13.
|
Earth’s inner core is
a. | hot and solid. | c. | cool and solid. | b. | hot and liquid. | d. | cool and
liquid. |
|
|
|
14.
|
Young rocks near the center of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge suggest that
a. | Earth’s magnetic field reverses every 200,000 years. | b. | the rocks originated
from Earth’s core. | c. | the crust is moving away from the
ridge. | d. | All of the above |
|
|
|
15.
|
A divergent boundary occurs where two plates
a. | move toward each other. | c. | move past each
other. | b. | move away from each other. | d. | move over each other. |
|
|
|
16.
|
The breakage of rocks along a fault line releases energy in the form of
a. | electromagnetic waves. | c. | heat. | b. | seismic waves. | d. | light. |
|
|
|
17.
|
Waves that cause the most damage during an earthquake are
a. | surface waves. | c. | S waves. | b. | P waves. | d. | ocean waves. |
|
|
|
18.
|
Scientists can calculate the distance from the seismograph station to the focus
using
a. | the difference in arrival times of P and surface waves. | b. | the difference in
arrival times of P and S waves. | c. | the difference in arrival times of S and
surface waves. | d. | None of the above |
|
|
|
19.
|
Composite volcanoes are made up of
a. | many layers of ash, cinders, and lava. | b. | many layers of lava rich in magnesium and
iron. | c. | many layers of cinders. | d. | many layers of metamorphic
rock. |
|
|
|
20.
|
Which of the following is not a rock type?
a. | igneous | c. | cubic | b. | sedimentary | d. | metamorphic |
|
|
|
21.
|
Sedimentary rocks are the only rocks that can potentially contain
a. | fossils. | c. | fractures. | b. | minerals. | d. | faults. |
|
|
|
22.
|
Igneous rocks that have mineral crystals easily seen with the unaided eye
formed
a. | extrusively. | c. | underwater. | b. | intrusively. | d. | from lava. |
|
|
|
23.
|
Rocks that are changed by heat and pressure will form
a. | sedimentary rocks. | c. | igneous rocks. | b. | metamorphic rocks. | d. | magma. |
|
|
|
24.
|
The type of rock formed as molten rock cools and hardens is
a. | igneous. | c. | sedimentary. | b. | metamorphic. | d. | magma. |
|
|
|
25.
|
Radioactive isotopes are used to
a. | determine the absolute age of rocks. | c. | determine how rocks are
formed. | b. | determine the relative age of rocks. | d. | determine how rocks are
changed. |
|
|
|
26.
|
Which of these is not involved in the formation of underground
caves?
a. | calcite dissolving in carbonic acid | b. | calcium bicarbonate dissolving in
water | c. | oxides of iron | d. | acidic water seeping into the
ground |
|
|
|
27.
|
The process by which water transports minerals to lower layers of rock is
called
a. | acid rain. | c. | leaching. | b. | frost wedging. | d. | oxidation. |
|
|
|
28.
|
The process in which sediment is laid down is called
a. | erosion. | c. | weathering. | b. | deposition. | d. | cementation. |
|
|
|
29.
|
Carbonic acid dissolved in water is a
a. | physical weathering agent. | c. | biological weathering
agent. | b. | chemical weathering agent. | d. | mechanical weathering agent. |
|
Matching
|
|
|
Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | continental drift | d. | subduction | b. | convergent boundary | e. | divergent boundary | c. | lithosphere | f. | fault |
|
|
|
30.
|
part of Earth that consists of seven large and several small tectonic
plates
|
|
|
31.
|
a crack along which rocks move past one another
|
|
|
32.
|
an area where tectonic plates move apart, forming mid-oceanic ridges
|
|
|
33.
|
a process in which one tectonic plate moves beneath another
|
|
|
34.
|
location where mountains form due to plate collisions
|
|
|
35.
|
a theory stating that Earth’s surface consists of large moving
plates
|
|
|
Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | weathering | d. | principle of superposition | b. | rock
cycle | e. | relative
dating | c. | absolute dating |
|
|
|
36.
|
states that the age of undisturbed rock layers increases with depth
|
|
|
37.
|
physical and chemical processes that break down rocks
|
|
|
38.
|
method of determining the age of rocks based on radioactive decay
|
|
|
39.
|
describes the sequence of events that can change rock types
|
|
|
40.
|
determines the age of rocks by comparing rock layers to one another
|
|
|
Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | deforestation | d. | limestone caves | b. | acid precipitation | e. | deltas | c. | oxidation |
|
|
|
41.
|
formed by large deposits of sediments
|
|
|
42.
|
often caused by atmospheric pollution
|
|
|
43.
|
caused by the permanent clearing of trees from an area
|
|
|
44.
|
created by the interaction of carbonic acid and calcite
|
|
|
45.
|
occurs when dissolved oxygen reacts with minerals that contain metals
|
