Multiple Choice Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
|
|
1.
|
Which of the following statements is not correct?
a. | Plants and other producers get their energy directly from the
sun. | b. | Animals get their energy from the sun indirectly. | c. | Bacteria that live
deep in the ocean get their energy from hydrogen sulfide in hot water. | d. | Consumers get their
energy directly from the sun. |
|
|
2.
|
Which kind of organism obtains energy only from producers?
a. | decomposers | c. | omnivores | b. | herbivores | d. | All of the
above |
|
|
3.
|
If an insect eats a plant and a bird eats the insect, about how much energy from
the plant is stored in the insect for the bird to use?
a. | 90 percent | c. | 10 percent | b. | 50 percent | d. | 1 percent |
|
|
4.
|
Which of the following does not contain carbon from the bodies of plants
and animals that died millions of years ago?
a. | coal | c. | natural gas | b. | oil | d. | phosphate salts |
|
|
5.
|
Which gas makes up 78 percent of our atmosphere but can be used by plants only
when transformed by bacteria first?
a. | nitrogen | c. | hydrogen | b. | oxygen | d. | carbon dioxide |
|
|
6.
|
Which of the following plants is likely to be a pioneer species?
a. | lichen | c. | shrub | b. | grass | d. | oak tree |
|
|
7.
|
What kind of natural disaster helps some forest communities by allowing some
trees to release their seeds, by clearing away deadwood, and by encouraging new growth?
a. | fire | c. | windstorm | b. | flood | d. | drought |
|
|
8.
|
Where would an ecologist be least likely to go to study primary
succession?
a. | a new island formed by a volcanic eruption | b. | a gravel-filled
valley that had been covered by a glacier until recently | c. | a locked, abandoned
asphalt parking lot in New York City | d. | the Amazon Rain
Forest |
|
|
9.
|
Which statement describes how humans are affecting the balance of carbon in the
atmosphere?
a. | Fewer agricultural crops are planted, reducing the amount of carbon dioxide released
into the atmosphere. | b. | Burning fossil fuels in great quantities has
increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. | c. | Overgrazing of
grasslands has reduced the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. | d. | Severe drought in
large areas of the world has decreased the amount of carbon dioxide that is released into the
atmosphere. |
|
|
10.
|
Which of the following is not a true statement about cellular
respiration?
a. | It is essentially photosynthesis in reverse. | b. | Oxygen is one of the
primary reactants. | c. | It produces energy for organisms to
use. | d. | Sugar molecules are its primary products. |
|
|
11.
|
Which of the following are photosynthetic organisms?
a. | fungal decomposers | c. | freshwater algae | b. | deeply buried soil bacteria | d. | intestinal
bacteria |
|
|
12.
|
Consumers are organisms that
a. | eat only other animal species. | b. | get their energy by eating other
organisms. | c. | are also known as self-feeders. | d. | occupy an ecosystem’s lowest energy
level. |
|
|
13.
|
The energy consumed by organisms
a. | can be stored in fat and sugar molecules. | b. | remains constant at
all trophic levels. | c. | undergoes magnification in food
chains. | d. | is not partially lost during digestion. |
|
|
14.
|
Plants play a crucial role in the carbon cycle because they
a. | do not release carbon dioxide during cellular respiration. | b. | allow carbon to
enter an ecosystem through photosynthesis. | c. | have special bacteria that live in their root
systems. | d. | are chemically converted into fossil fuels when
burned. |
|
|
15.
|
The bacteria that live within the roots of a soybean plant are a critical part
of the nitrogen cycle because they
a. | provide the plant with sugars needed for growth. | b. | transform nitrates
into nitrogen gas for release. | c. | change atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form
for other organisms. | d. | release nitrogen by decomposing dead plant
parts. |
|
|
16.
|
Succession is possible because
a. | climates change over time. | b. | it is a rapid and chaotic process that is very
difficult to control. | c. | existing plants reproduce
quickly. | d. | ecosystems are disrupted by natural or human-caused
events.. |
|
|
17.
|
Which of the following is an example of secondary succession?
a. | breaking down of bare rock by fungi and mosses | b. | pioneer plants begin
to grow after glacial melting | c. | growth of plants after a forest is destroyed by
fire | d. | appearance of weeds in cracks in a concrete surface |
|
|
18.
|
Which of the following is not a likely component of soil formed during
primary succession?
a. | cast-off parts of shrubs and trees | c. | dust particles from the
air | b. | decayed lichens and bacteria | d. | broken bits of stone and
rock |
|
|
19.
|
Which organism is likely to be in the bottom trophic level of a food
chain?
a. | leopard seal | c. | krill | b. | algae | d. | killer whale |
|
|
20.
|
What term is used to refer to the many feeding relationships that are possible
in an ecosystem?
a. | food web | c. | energy pyramid | b. | food chain | d. | energy transfer |
|
|
21.
|
Which of the following is responsible for making nitrogen in the atmosphere
usable by living organisms?
a. | absorption of nitrogen in rain | b. | conversion of nitrogen into carbohydrates by
photosynthesis | c. | nitrogen-fixing bacteria | d. | decomposing
bacteria |
|
|
22.
|
Which item is a carbon sink and not part of the carbon cycle?
a. | carbon in the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide | b. | consumers breaking
down carbohydrates into carbon dioxide during respiration | c. | carbon found within
limestone rocks | d. | carbon dioxide being converted into carbohydrates during
photosynthesis |
|
|
23.
|
What type of vegetation would you expect to find on an abandoned farm that has
remained undisturbed for 150 years?
a. | short grasses | c. | young pine trees | b. | shrubs | d. | tall, mature oak
trees |
|
|
24.
|
What type of succession occurs after a natural process such as a flood?
a. | primary succession | c. | old-field succession | b. | secondary succession | d. | climax
community |
|
|
25.
|
Which of the following is one of the largest carbon reservoirs on Earth?
a. | limestone | c. | Amazon rain forest | b. | fossil fuels | d. | Atlantic Ocean |
|
Completion Complete each
statement.
|
|
26.
|
A process in which energy from the sun is used to make sugar molecules is called
_________________________.
|
|
27.
|
Organisms that get their food by breaking down dead organisms are called
____________________.
|
|
28.
|
Horses and cattle are ____________________ because they eat only plants.
|
|
29.
|
A lion is an example of a group of consumers called ____________________.
|
|
30.
|
Bacteria and fungi are examples of a group of consumers called
____________________.
|