Environmental Science Test 20A
 
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Environmental Science Test 20A

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 

Which of the following pollutants is caused by poor sanitation and can lead to gastrointestinal infections?
a.
bacteria in food
c.
lead in water
b.
pesticides in food
d.
particulate matter in water
 

 2. 

Dust storms, volcanoes, and wildfires are all
a.
causes of pollution due to human activities.
b.
natural events that do not cause pollution.
c.
causes of pollution people can control.
d.
natural causes of pollution.
 

 3. 

Much of the pollution in the environment is a result of
a.
the use of too much water.
b.
the use of landfills.
c.
inadequate waste disposal.
d.
newer pollution-control devices used at factories.
 

 4. 

Each year, most of the cases of organophosphate poisoning occur in people who are
a.
applying the chemical to crops.
b.
eating fruit and vegetables with chemical residues.
c.
inhaling the chemical while working in gas stations.
d.
working in factories with various chemicals.
 

 5. 

Which of the following pathogens have made a cross-species transfer to humans?
a.
influenza virus
c.
West Nile virus
b.
hantavirus
d.
All of the above
 

 6. 

Most infectious diseases are transmitted through
a.
water.
c.
soil.
b.
air.
d.
people.
 

 7. 

Which of the following is an environmental change that scientists believe may increase the areas where malaria occurs?
a.
draining wetlands
c.
destroying habitats
b.
soil erosion
d.
climate change
 

 8. 

Which of the following is an environmental change that may result in more pathogens making a cross-species transfer to humans?
a.
polluting water with lead
c.
destroying habitats
b.
soil erosion
d.
climate change
 

 9. 

Human immunodeficiency virus is considered an emerging virus because it
a.
had been controlled until recently.
c.
developed from two other viruses.
b.
was previously unknown.
d.
has become resistant to antibiotics.
 

 10. 

Which of the following pollutants is found in vehicle exhaust, burning waste, fires, and tobacco smoke?
a.
particulate matter
c.
coal dust
b.
lead
d.
pesticides
 

 11. 

Two diseases that can be caused directly by pollution are
a.
measles and tuberculosis.
c.
cholera and river blindness.
b.
lead poisoning and lung cancer.
d.
colds and flu.
 

 12. 

Toxicology is the study of the harmful effects of
a.
substances on organisms.
c.
pollutants on the environment.
b.
viruses on organisms.
d.
antibiotics on viruses.
 

 13. 

After an outbreak of an illness, scientists use epidemiology to try to find
a.
the origin of the disease.
b.
how the disease spreads.
c.
how to prevent the disease from spreading.
d.
All of the above
 

 14. 

Naturally occurring pollutants can become hazardous to health when they are
a.
introduced into food.
c.
above normal levels.
b.
introduced into water.
d.
used by industry.
 

 15. 

Which of the following pollutants are added to air by burning fuels for vehicles?
a.
carbon monoxide and many kinds of particulates
b.
organophosphates and many kinds of particulates
c.
carbon monoxide and organophosphates
d.
radon and heavy metals
 

 16. 

Which of the following statements is true about pollutants from waste disposal?
a.
Laws regulating waste disposal are strictly enforced.
b.
Old landfills still prevent any wastes from leaking.
c.
Waste incineration plants no longer emit toxic products.
d.
Many communities release raw sewage into a river or the ocean after a heavy rain.
 

 17. 

The environment is an important factor in the spread of cholera and dysentery because
a.
air can carry the pathogens.
b.
water provides a habitat in which the pathogens breed.
c.
the pathogens reproduce in soil.
d.
the disease is transmitted by mosquitoes.
 

 18. 

People’s actions cause some disease-causing bacteria to become
a.
unaffected by radiation.
c.
resistant to antibiotics.
b.
extinct.
d.
emerging viruses.
 

 19. 

Which of the following environmental changes is most likely to lead to the spread of parasites such as hookworm?
a.
overuse of pesticides
c.
overuse of antibiotics
b.
resistance to antibiotics
d.
contaminated soil
 

 20. 

An estimate of the probability of a negative effect caused by a substance is a(n)
a.
educated guess.
c.
risk assessment.
b.
response assessment.
d.
dose-response curve.
 



 
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