Multiple Choice Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Which of the following pollutants is caused by poor sanitation and can lead to
gastrointestinal infections?
a. | bacteria in food | c. | lead in water | b. | pesticides in food | d. | particulate matter in
water |
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2.
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Dust storms, volcanoes, and wildfires are all
a. | causes of pollution due to human activities. | b. | natural events that
do not cause pollution. | c. | causes of pollution people can
control. | d. | natural causes of pollution. |
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3.
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Much of the pollution in the environment is a result of
a. | the use of too much water. | b. | the use of landfills. | c. | inadequate waste
disposal. | d. | newer pollution-control devices used at factories. |
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4.
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Each year, most of the cases of organophosphate poisoning occur in people who
are
a. | applying the chemical to crops. | b. | eating fruit and vegetables with chemical
residues. | c. | inhaling the chemical while working in gas stations. | d. | working in factories
with various chemicals. |
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5.
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Which of the following pathogens have made a cross-species transfer to
humans?
a. | influenza virus | c. | West Nile virus | b. | hantavirus | d. | All of the
above |
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6.
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Most infectious diseases are transmitted through
a. | water. | c. | soil. | b. | air. | d. | people. |
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7.
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Which of the following is an environmental change that scientists believe may
increase the areas where malaria occurs?
a. | draining wetlands | c. | destroying habitats | b. | soil erosion | d. | climate change |
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8.
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Which of the following is an environmental change that may result in more
pathogens making a cross-species transfer to humans?
a. | polluting water with lead | c. | destroying
habitats | b. | soil erosion | d. | climate change |
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9.
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Human immunodeficiency virus is considered an emerging virus because it
a. | had been controlled until recently. | c. | developed from two other
viruses. | b. | was previously unknown. | d. | has become resistant to antibiotics. |
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10.
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Which of the following pollutants is found in vehicle exhaust, burning waste,
fires, and tobacco smoke?
a. | particulate matter | c. | coal dust | b. | lead | d. | pesticides |
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11.
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Two diseases that can be caused directly by pollution are
a. | measles and tuberculosis. | c. | cholera and river
blindness. | b. | lead poisoning and lung cancer. | d. | colds and flu. |
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12.
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Toxicology is the study of the harmful effects of
a. | substances on organisms. | c. | pollutants on the
environment. | b. | viruses on organisms. | d. | antibiotics on viruses. |
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13.
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After an outbreak of an illness, scientists use epidemiology to try to
find
a. | the origin of the disease. | b. | how the disease spreads. | c. | how to prevent the
disease from spreading. | d. | All of the
above |
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14.
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Naturally occurring pollutants can become hazardous to health when they
are
a. | introduced into food. | c. | above normal levels. | b. | introduced into water. | d. | used by
industry. |
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15.
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Which of the following pollutants are added to air by burning fuels for
vehicles?
a. | carbon monoxide and many kinds of particulates | b. | organophosphates and
many kinds of particulates | c. | carbon monoxide and
organophosphates | d. | radon and heavy metals |
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16.
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Which of the following statements is true about pollutants from waste
disposal?
a. | Laws regulating waste disposal are strictly enforced. | b. | Old landfills still
prevent any wastes from leaking. | c. | Waste incineration plants no longer emit toxic
products. | d. | Many communities release raw sewage into a river or the ocean after a heavy
rain. |
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17.
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The environment is an important factor in the spread of cholera and dysentery
because
a. | air can carry the pathogens. | b. | water provides a habitat in which the pathogens
breed. | c. | the pathogens reproduce in soil. | d. | the disease is transmitted by
mosquitoes. |
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18.
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People’s actions cause some disease-causing bacteria to become
a. | unaffected by radiation. | c. | resistant to
antibiotics. | b. | extinct. | d. | emerging viruses. |
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19.
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Which of the following environmental changes is most likely to lead to the
spread of parasites such as hookworm?
a. | overuse of pesticides | c. | overuse of antibiotics | b. | resistance to
antibiotics | d. | contaminated
soil |
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20.
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An estimate of the probability of a negative effect caused by a substance is
a(n)
a. | educated guess. | c. | risk assessment. | b. | response assessment. | d. | dose-response
curve. |
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