EOC Diagnostic Test
 
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EOC Diagnostic Test

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
What are the steps of the Scientific Method? Select the one that is listed in the correct order:
a.
ask questions, establish an experiment, collect data, form an hypothesis, draw a
conclusion. make a prediction, and make an observation
b.
make an observation. ask questions, form an hypothesis, establish an experiment. collect
data, draw a conclusion, make a prediction
c.
make a prediction, draw a conclusion, collect data, establish an experiment. form an
hypothesis, ask Questions, and make an observation
d.
establish an experiment, collect data, make an observation, ask questions, draw a
conclusion, form a hypothesis, and make a prediction
 

 2. 
Which organelle is directly involved in cellular transport?
a.
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
b.
mitochondria
c.
Golgi apparatus
d.
cell membrane
 

 3. 
Which plant organelle is the site of photosynthesis?
a.
chloroplast
b.
centriole
c.
cell wall
d.
mitochondria
 

 4. 
mc004-1.jpg
a.
individual 1
b.
individual 2
c.
individual 3
d.
individual 5
 

 5. 
The ancestors of po lar bears became separated from brown bears when they moved from the
mainland to the Arctic ice. Since they were in different environments, the traits selected in the
Arctic ice population were different than the traits selected in the land population. Eventu;illy,
the two populations could no longer interbreed. Today. we call the descend;ints of the Arctic
ice po pulat1on polar bears and the descendants of the mainl;ind popul;ition brown bears. This
phenomenon of one group of organisms separating and forming two reproductively isolated
groups 1s known as
a.
extinction
b.
parasitism
c.
speciation
d.
convergent evolution
 

 6. 
mc006-1.jpg
a.
order W
b.
order X
c.
order Y
d.
order Z
 

 7. 
An abandoned home site from the 1950s is discovered on a rural road in the southeastern United
States. The entire front of the building is covered with a type of clinging vine. The uncontrolled
growth of this plant has resulted in the destruction of the front of the home. This plant does not
seem bothered by any natural predators. It was later discovered the scientific name for this plant
is Lonicera japonica. Based on these facts. which of the fo llowing is a reasonable inference?
a.
All clinging vines will destroy property
b.
The home was made of cheap materials
c.
With human guidance. the vine would be beautiful.
d.
The vine is an invasive plant brought from Japan.
 

 8. 
What is Qualitative data?
a.
observations made with your senses
b.
 information that cannot be assigned a numerical value
c.
examples of qualitative data indude: shades of color, texture, taste, or smell
d.
all of the above
 

 9. 
What is Quantitative data?
a.
measurements and anything that can be expressed as a number
b.
the subjective part of collecting data
c.
data centered on describing qualities
d.
data that cannot be expressed asa number
 

 10. 
Which term below best describes the paramecium shown below?

mc010-1.jpg
a.
unicellular
b.
multi-cellulur
c.
non-cellular
d.
bi-cellular
 

 11. 
A DNA double helix has two complementary strands. The sequence below is the base sequence
of one strand. During replication. this strand experiences an inversion mutation. Identify the
correct results.
                                             TTAAGCCCAGCTTAA
a.
TTA AGC ACC CCT TAA
b.
TTA ACC CCA CCT TAA
c.
UUA UCC CCA CCU UAA
d.
TTAACCCCCCT AA
 

 12. 
Which of the following characteristics is common to both bacteria and viruses?
a.
contain genetic material
b.
can be killed using antibiotics
c.
have a cell membrane
d.
have a protein coat
 

 13. 
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
a.
In plants, the products of photosynthesis are used as reactants in respiration, and the
products of respiration are used to fuel photosynthesis.
b.
Plants carrying out photosynthesis provide a source of oxygen for animals. and respiration
provides a source of carbon dioxide for plants.
c.
Photosynthesis and respiration convert energy from one form to another.
d.
 Plant and animal cells perform both respiration and photosynthesis.
 

 14. 
What is the process of converting carbon dioxide. water. and light energy into oxygen and high
energy sugar molecules?
a.
biosynthesis
b.
chloroplast
c.
glycolsis
d.
photosynthesis.
 

 15. 
The chemical energy supply for all living cells is contained in a particular molecule. When
this molecule breaks down, it releases energy that may be used for activities such as muscle
contractions. photosynthesis. and locomotion. What is the molecule that is the storehouse of
cellular energy?
a.
DNA
b.
RNA
c.
ATP
d.
ADP
 

 16. 
Observed evidence for evolution includes
a.
fossils. DNA sequences, and homologous structures.
b.
tropisms, genetic drift. and speciation.
c.
gene flow, mutations, and tropisms.
d.
phenotypes. food preferences. and fossils.
 

 17. 
Charles Darwin's ideas form the basis of the modern theory of evolution. Although he was
not the first to propose that organisms changed over time, he was the first to propose a valid
mechanism by which this happened. Central to his theory was the importance given to natural
variation and its place in the context of natural selection. Which of the following statements
MOST accurately describes Darwin's proposal on the nature of inherited variations?
a.
Variations are ONLY inherited if they have proven to have a positive adaptive value in the
previous generation.
b.
Variations that have a negative adaptive va lue are LESS likely to be passed from parent
to offspring.
c.
Inherited variations occur by chance, and have a variable degree of adaptive value to the
individual organism during its lifetime.
d.
Inherited variations occur because of environmental conditions. and have a variable
degree of adaptive value to the individual organism during its lifetime.
 

 18. 
Many types of interactions exist between species. Which of the diagrams below represents
commensalism?
mc018-1.jpg
a.
Diagram W
b.
Diagram X
c.
Diagram Y
d.
Diagram Z
 

 19. 
Which two groups of organisms listed below are responsible for recycling decomposing organic
matter within the ecosystem?
a.
plants and animals
b.
animals and invertebrates
c.
bacteria and fungi
d.
animals and fungi
 

 20. 
Which of the following statements correctly represents a negative impact of fossil fuel usage?
a.
The burning of fossi l fuels disrupts the watercyde by adding hydrogen to the
atmosphere.
b.
Drilling for fossil fuels disrupts the carbon cycle by adding hydrogen to the atmosphere
c.
The burning of fossi l fuels releases carbon and carbon-based greenhouse gases to the
atmosphere in excess volume.
d.
Mining for fossil fue ls has irreversibly changed the ecologic<1I biomes of the Earth.
 

 21. 
Which of the following statements accurately describes the difference between the way bacteria
cause disease and the way that viruses cause disease?
a.
Both bacteria and viruses use host cells to reproduce, but viruses kill the host cell
immediately, while bacteria maintain life within the host cell indefinitely.
b.
Bacteria only cause disease by entering the body through the bloodstream and infecting
a host cell, and viruses only cause disease by entering the body through air passages and
infecting a host cell.
c.
Bacteria cause disease by incorporating their DNA into the host's DNA, and viruses cause
disease by incorporating their RNA in the host's RNA.
d.
Bacteria are living cells that grow and reproduce in the body and produce toxins or
damage tissues they grow in. Viruses use host cells to reproduce, and these host cells
usually die when newly produced virus particles are released.
 

 22. 
The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane is
a.
active transport
b.
 osmosis.
c.
mitosis
d.
meiosis.
 

 23. 
A new type of organism is found living in an extremely cold environment This organism is
unicellular and has a cell wall that lacks peptidoglycan (protein-carbohydrate molecule). To
which kingdom does this organism belong?
a.
Archaebacteria
b.
Eubacteria
c.
Protista
d.
fungi
 

 24. 
During meiosis. crossing over may occur with pairs of homologous chromosomes. What is the
result of crossing over?
a.
genetic variation
b.
genetic mutations
c.
fertilization
d.
evolution
 

 25. 
If a body cell of a human contains 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes would a human
egg cell contain?
a.
46
b.
92
c.
23
d.
0
 

 26. 
If a body cell of a human contains 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes would a human
egg cell contain?
a.
46
b.
92
c.
23
d.
0
 

 27. 
Most typically, the order in which the steps of scientific investigations(Scientific Method) are applied is
a.
controlled experiment, hypothesis, analysis of results, observations, questions, conclusions.
b.
observations, controlled experiment, hypothesis, analysis of results, conclusions, questions.
c.
observations, questions, hypothesis, controlled experiment, analysis of results, conclusions.
d.
questions, observations, analysis of results, controlled experiment, conclusions, hypothesis.
 

 28. 
Which of the following phrases contains quantitative data?
a.
green leaves surround white flowers
b.
Ricky's football jersey is number 85
c.
seeds sprout more quickly when it is warm
d.
water evaporates ata rate of2 ml per minute
 

 29. 
What does the carrying capacity represent?
a.
the amount of mass in the entire population
b.
the life expectancy of each organism
c.
the largest number of individuals a given environment can support
d.
the number of resources needed by each population in an ecosystem
 

 30. 
Which cycle of matter does the illustration shown below BEST represent?

mc030-1.jpg
a.
the water cyde
b.
the carbon cyde
c.
the nitrogen cycle
d.
the phosphorus cycle
 

 31. 
Which statement BEST describes the relationship between an urchin and the other members of
the food web?
mc031-1.jpg
a.
the urchin is prey to the snail and to the otter.
b.
the urchin is a competitor to the sea star and the otter.
c.
the urchin is a predator to the snail and a competitor to the fish.
d.
the urchin is a predator to the sea star and the snail
 

 32. 
What is the process that is responsible for the variations that exist within a species or a change in the allele frequency?
a.
macroevolution
b.
speciation
c.
microevolution
d.
genetic Drift
 

 33. 
Identify the physical feature below that caused sea turtles to adapt to life in the ocean.
a.
large protective shell
b.
flipper-like legs
c.
amniotic egg
d.
short tail
 

 34. 
Researchers collected information on pond size preference for several different frog species
found in South Carolina. Each frog species has a unique preference for a particular pond size.
Within each pond, the number of frogs of each species was counted and a dominant frog species was determined. The graph below shows how pond size related to percentages of one native species, the burrowing mudhen.
mc034-1.jpg
At pond sizes above 6 meters, there are not enough burrowing mudhens to maintain genetic
diversity and their numbers begin to fall. What biological force is acting upon the burrowing
mudhen population?
a.
natural selection
b.
selective breeding
c.
extinction
d.
emigration
 

 35. 
The appearance of fins and streamlined bodies on diverse groups of animals such as dolphins,sharks, and penguins is an example of
a.
co-evolution.
b.
adaptive radiation.
c.
convergent evolution.
d.
macroevolution.
 

 36. 
In rabbits, the fur color and ear position are two genetic traits. Each trait is located on a separate chromosome. The allele for producing brown fur (B) is dominant to the allele for producing white fur (b). The allele for producing straight ears (E) is dominant to the allele for producing floppy ears (e). What are the possible genotypes for a rabbit with brown fur and floppy ears?
a.
Bbee and BBee
b.
Bbee, BbEe, BBee, and BBEe
c.
BBee and BBEE
d.
BbEe, BBEe, BbEE, and BBE
 

 37. 
In some fruit flies the allele for having long bristles (B) is dominant to the allele for having short bristles (b). A scientist mated a batch of fruit flies with genotypes as shown in the Punnett square below. What is the probability that the offspring will be born with short bristles?
mc037-1.jpg
a.
25%
b.
75%
c.
50%
d.
100%
 

 38. 
In mice, brown hair is dominant to white. Cross a heterozygous female with a heterozygous male.The genotypic ratio will yield
a.
3brown:1 white.
b.
3white:1 brown.
c.
1brown:2tan:1 white.
d.
100% brown hair
 

 39. 
A landscaper crossed two heterozygous junipers. She noticed that of the offspring junipers, 73% were short and 27%were tall. These results indicate that the allele for shortness is
a.
dominant.
b.
recessive
c.
co-dominant
d.
incompletely dominant.
 

 40. 
An amateur horticulturist crossed a pink orchid flower with a purple orchid flower. The resulting offspring flowers were pink with purple stripes. How would you characterize the allele for color in this orchid flower?
a.
dominant.
b.
recessive
c.
co-dominant
d.
polygenetic
 

 41. 
To learn how species are related, scientists can compare structures found in the species to find similarities. The skulls shown below are from four different animals.
mc041-1.jpg
a.
Reptiles A & B
b.
Reptiles C & B
c.
Reptiles A & D
d.
Reptiles C & D
 

 42. 
Bacteria are being used to breakdown pollutants into harmless molecules and to produce
medicines. Bacteria are also cultured so that their enzymes can be extracted to make soy sauce,cheese, chewing gum and laundry detergent. Which of the following characteristics of bacteria makes them valuable in pollution cleanup, the making of medicine and industry?
a.
Bacterial populations multiply quickly, increasing the potential for pollution cleanup,
medicine making, and the manufacture of industrial products.
b.
All bacteria have exactly the same genetic code, so any type of bacteria can potentially be used for pollution cleanup, medicine making and the manufacture of industrial products.
c.
Bacteria are not susceptible to threats, such as viruses, so bacterial populations will never suffer any adverse effects.
d.
The chemical reactions that take place within bacterial cells do not have any byproducts and, therefore, do not interfere with their roles as pollution cleaners or medicine makers
 

 43. 
Proteins are made in the ribosomes of a cell, whereas DNA is found only in
mc043-1.jpg
a.
organelle W
b.
organelle Y
c.
organelle X
d.
organelle Z
 

 44. 
mc044-1.jpg

a.
images X&Z
b.
only image Z
c.
images W&Y
d.
only image Y
 

 45. 
This molecule carries information from the DNA in the nucleus out into the cytoplasm of the cell.

a.
tRNA
b.
rRNA
c.
ATP
d.
mRNA
 

 46. 
mc046-1.jpg
a.
transcription
b.
translation
c.
replication
d.
cytokinesis
 

 47. 
mc047-1.jpg
a.
anaphase
b.
telophase
c.
cytokinesis
d.
interphase
 

 48. 
A cell contains a nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum. Given only this knowledge, what can you conclude about the identity of the cell?
a.
It is a plant cell.
b.
It is an animal cell.
c.
It is a eukaryotic cell.
d.
It is a prokaryotic cell
 

 49. 
A child is diagnosed with a rare genetic disease. Neither parent has the disease. How might the child have inherited the disorder?
a.
The disorder is dominant and was carried by one parent.
b.
The disorder is recessive and carried by both parents.
c.
The disorder is sex-linked and carried by the father.
d.
The disorder could only be caused by a mutation during mitosis because neither parent had the disorder.
 

 50. 
Crossing over occurs regularly during meiosis. Why is crossing over advantageous to species?
a.
It destroys damaging genes.
b.
It ensures that equal numbers of males and females are born into a population.
c.
It increases genetic variation.
d.
It decreases the possibility of mutations.
 

 51. 
DNA is a large molecule composed of two strands of nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and one nitrogen base. There are only four nitrogen bases associated with DNA: cytosine, guanine, thymine, and adenine. These nucleotides encode hereditary information, and these segments of information are commonly called genes. If all 30,000 genes are made up of the same twenty nucleotides, how does one gene differ from another?
a.
the size of the nitrogen bases
b.
the type of bonds between the nucleotides
c.
the sequence of the nitrogen bases
d.
the phenotypes of the nitrogen bases
 

 52. 
mc052-1.jpg
a.
J only
b.
both J and K
c.
K only
d.
neither J or K
 

 53. 
Quinn and Roseanna collected various samples of the flora from their backyard and carefully examined them in the school laboratory using proper equipment. Of the three samples shown below, which plant(s) can be classified as nonvascular?
mc053-1.jpg
a.
sample 1
b.
sample 2
c.
sample 1 & 2
d.
sample 3
 

 54. 
Consider the two plants shown. Based on their root structures, which plant is better adapted to life in a desert environment?
mc054-1.jpg
a.
Plant A is better adapted to life in a desert environment because its long thick roots reach deep into the earth to absorb water from the water table.
b.
Plant Bis better adapted to life in a desert environment because its short shallow roots absorb water near the surface after rains.
c.
Root structure is NOT a factor in determining the degree ofadaptation. Leaf structure
is the only determining factor as to whether or not a plant is adapted to a desert
environment.
d.
Neither plant A nor plant Bare adapted to a desert environment because desert plants don't have roots.
 

 55. 
mc055-1.jpg
a.
mc055-2.jpg
b.
mc055-3.jpg
c.
mc055-4.jpg
d.
stored chemically in the ribose sugar molecule.
 

 56. 
mc056-1.jpg
a.
ATP is responsible for makin~energy within the cell.
b.
ATP is the molecule used for energy storage within the cell.
c.
ADP is the molecule used for energy storage within the cell.
d.
ADP is responsible for making and regulating energy within the cell.
 

 57. 
An electronics store is burglarized at twilight. A witness across the street sees the burglar force his way in by breaking a window. After the police arrive. they find blood on the broken glass and send it to the laboratory for ONA analysis. Down at the precinct. the witness looks over a lineup of suspects, but admits that all three of the suspects look very much like the man he saw breaking into the store. A DNA analysis of the three suspects produces the fingerprints shown here. Which suspect was MOST LIKELY the burglar?
mc057-1.jpg
a.
Suspect 1
b.
Suspect 2
c.
Suspect 3
d.
All suspects have some of the DNA markers from the police sample. so the test is
inconclusive
 

 58. 
Use the following passage to answer question 58.

The peppered moth is often used as a case study to illustrate natural selection. The peppered moth is found in two speckled colorations: light-colored and dark colored. The allele for darkcolored moths is dominant, while the allele for light colored moths is recessive. In 1850s England, most of the peppered moth population was light in color and blended in with the birch trees they commonly landed on. Their light coloration, or camouflage, makes it hard for birds and other predators to spot and capture them. Dark-colored peppered moths were also present but were fewer in number because they were more susceptible to predation. By the early1900s, industrial air pollution had covered the birch trees with soot, generally darkening the appearance of the bark. The dark-colored moths now blended in with the trees more effectively th an the lightcolored moths, and as a result were less easily spotted by predators. Correspondingly, the dark colored moths became greater in number than the light-colored moths.
----Which of the following statements accurately represents the evolutionary trend demonstrated by the peppered moths?

a.
A smaller percentage of light-colored moths survive to reproduce, shrinking the gene pool and causing mutations.
b.
More and more dark-colored moths survive to reproduce, which shifted the allele
frequency towards the dark-colored allele.
c.
Over time, the light-colored moths will become homozygous for the light allele and
become extinct.
d.
Overtime, the birds will get used to eatingthe light-colored moths and stop eatingthe
dark-colored moths
 

 59. 
In the United States, plastic products are considered to be disposable. In other words, as soon as a plastic container is emptied, a diaper is soiled, or a toy is broken, it goes to a landfill. Plastics are composed oflong chains of molecules linked tightly together. Saprophytes cannot penetrate these molecules easily. Therefore, some plastics take nearly 200 years to completely break down. Also plastics are manufactured from oil, coal and natural gas, all of which are nonrenewable resources. What is a reasonable solution to the plastic problem that takes into account ecological, social and economic factors?
a.
Immediately stop the manufacture of all plastic products.
b.
Pull all of the plastic out of existing landfills, recycle it, and make no more plastic from raw materials.
c.
Develop plastics using renewable resources, such as plant products, that decomposers can penetrate and break down.
d.
Encourage consumers to stop purchasing any products made from or packaged in plastic until all plastic manufacturers are forced out of business.
 

 60. 
What are observable facts and events occurring in nature that are experienced through our
senses is called?
a.
asking questions
b.
hypothesis
c.
control group
d.
natural phenomenon
 

 61. 
Read the paragraph and then match each item with the correct statement below.
An experiment was designed to investigate the effect of caffeine on the heartbeat of water fleas. Two populations of water fleas were cultured. Both populations had water with the same mineral content, were supplied with identical amounts of bacteria as food, received the same amount of light, and had their temperature maintained at 20ºC. Every two hours, water fleas from both populations were selected and their heartbeats were monitored. The fleas of population one had caffeine administered five minutes before their heartbeat was checked. The fleas of population two were given nothing.

What part of the experiment was the food?
a.
independent variable
b.
dependent variable
c.
constant
d.
control group
 

 62. 
Read the paragraph and then match each item with the correct statement below.
An experiment was designed to investigate the effect of caffeine on the heartbeat of water fleas. Two populations of water fleas were cultured. Both populations had water with the same mineral content, were supplied with identical amounts of bacteria as food, received the same amount of light, and had their temperature maintained at 20ºC. Every two hours, water fleas from both populations were selected and their heartbeats were monitored. The fleas of population one had caffeine administered five minutes before their heartbeat was checked. The fleas of population two were given nothing.

What part of the experiment was the heartbeat?
a.
independent variable
b.
dependent variable
c.
constant
d.
control group
 

 63. 
Read the paragraph and then match each item with the correct statement below.
An experiment was designed to investigate the effect of caffeine on the heartbeat of water fleas. Two populations of water fleas were cultured. Both populations had water with the same mineral content, were supplied with identical amounts of bacteria as food, received the same amount of light, and had their temperature maintained at 20ºC. Every two hours, water fleas from both populations were selected and their heartbeats were monitored. The fleas of population one had caffeine administered five minutes before their heartbeat was checked. The fleas of population two were given nothing.

What part of the experiment was the water temperature?
a.
independent variable
b.
dependent variable
c.
constant
d.
control group
 

 64. 
Read the paragraph and then match each item with the correct statement below.
An experiment was designed to investigate the effect of caffeine on the heartbeat of water fleas. Two populations of water fleas were cultured. Both populations had water with the same mineral content, were supplied with identical amounts of bacteria as food, received the same amount of light, and had their temperature maintained at 20ºC. Every two hours, water fleas from both populations were selected and their heartbeats were monitored. The fleas of population one had caffeine administered five minutes before their heartbeat was checked. The fleas of population two were given nothing.

What part of the experiment was the population two?
a.
independent variable
b.
dependent variable
c.
constant
d.
control group
 

 65. 
Read the paragraph and then match each item with the correct statement below.
An experiment was designed to investigate the effect of caffeine on the heartbeat of water fleas. Two populations of water fleas were cultured. Both populations had water with the same mineral content, were supplied with identical amounts of bacteria as food, received the same amount of light, and had their temperature maintained at 20ºC. Every two hours, water fleas from both populations were selected and their heartbeats were monitored. The fleas of population one had caffeine administered five minutes before their heartbeat was checked. The fleas of population two were given nothing.

What part of the experiment was the caffeine?
a.
independent variable
b.
dependent variable
c.
constant
d.
control group
 



 
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