Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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A group of students Is working together to Illustrate the weathering of carbonaterocks by
acid precipitation. Two students work together to make a dilute solution of sulfuric add for the
demonstration, while a third student writes the procedure, Including taking pictures of the set-up
and listing the materials. The first two students put the acid solution in the glassware shown.
 How should the third student identify this piece of
glassware?
a. | a beaker | b. | an Erlenmeyer Flask | c. | a graduated
cylinder | d. | a pestle |
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2.
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Why do lipids contain more caloric energy than
carbohydrates or proteins?
a. | Lipids are always consumed in the diet in greater quantities than
carbohydrates or proteins. | b. | Lipids are always larger
molecules than either carbohydrates or proteins. | c. | Lipids are initially less oxidized than carbohydrates or
proteins. | d. | Lipids are transported to cells for respiration more easily than
carbohydrates or proteins. |
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3.
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What is the purpose of a scientific
investigation?
a. | to design processes Intended to meet stated human needs or
advance the standards of living in human societies | b. | to design products intended to meet stated human needs or advance the standards of
living In human societies | c. | to see how the manipulation
of a dependent variable put forth In a hypothesis affects the value of the Independent variable in an
experiment | d. | to see the effect of an
Independent variable on a dependent variable in the context of a testable statement put forth by
researchers |
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4.
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A student performed an
experiment to determine the effects of aquatic plants on the
acidity level of water. For the
experiment, the student used fish as a source of carbon
dioxide. The table lists the
experiment's procedure.
The table shows
the data collected.
 The student
concluded that aquatic plants help increase the pH of water and reduce
the acidity. Why is this
conclusion valid?
a. | Tank 1 contained the lowest number of plants and was the least
addle after 5 hours. | b. | Tank 1 contained the most
plants and was the most acidic after 5 hours. | c. | Tank 3 contained the most
plants and was the least acidic after 5 hours. | d. | Tank 3 contained the lowest
number of plants and was the most acidic after 5 hours. |
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5.
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What is the correct sequence of events by which an
individual would ultimately end up with a particular trait, such as brown hair or curly
hair?
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6.
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A father who is homozygous for type A blood has children with a woman who is homozygous for type O blood. What percent of their offspring are expected to have type
A blood?ultimately end up with a
particular trait, such as brown hair or curly hair?
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7.
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The continuity of life-forms on Earth is a result of the
cellular processes that ensure
genetic information is passed from parent to offspring. These
processes involve two
essential structures, nucleic acids and proteins.Which diagram represents
the correct sequence of these processes?
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8.
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Mitosis occurs in several stages, each with its own
unique characteristics that are readily visible through a microscope.
 Which cell shows a nucleus that is in the latest stage of
mitosis?
a. | cell W | b. | cell X | c. | cell
Y | d. | cell Z |
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9.
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Which statement Is true about mitosis and
meiosis?
a. | Daughter cells formed by mitosis and meiosis are similar to the
parent cell. | b. | Daughter cells formed by
mitosis and meiosis are different from the parent cell. | c. | Asexual reproduction Involves mitosis while sexual reproduction Involves
meiosis. | d. | Sexual reproduction Involves mitosis while asexual reproduction
Involves meiosis. |
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10.
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The graph shows the amount of oxygen that can be
dissolved in water (solubility) at a given temperature.
 Some power plants and industrial manufacturing plants use water from lakes to act as
coolants for their equipment. Water is pulled from the source, used to absorb equipment heat, and
then returned to the lake.
Based on the graph, why is this water pollution
harmful?
a. | It increases the water temperature in the lake, depleting the
oxygen that is available for aquatic organisms. | b. | It increases the water
temperature in the lake, oversattirating the oxygen and poisoning aquatic
organisms. | c. | It decreases the water
temperature in the lake, depleting the oxygen that is available for aquatic
organisms. | d. | It decreases the water
temperature in the lake, oversaturating the oxygen and poisoning aquatic
organisms. |
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11.
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The table shows the pH level of different parts of the
digestive tract.
 Which graph must be true
for the enzyme salivary amylase to have its maximum
activity when digesting starches in the mouth?
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12.
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How is the process of independent assortment dependent upon
processes such as
meiosis and random orientation in order to increase genetic diversity in
offspring?
a. | Independent assortment is not possible until meiosis has
separated all four chromatids of the homologous chromosomes after two divisions, then random
orientation of these chromatids allows them to assort independently into gametes. | b. | Meiosis allows for the pairing of maternal and paternal homologous chromosomes so that
the resulting gametes are getting a chromosome that is composed of entirely maternal or paternal
genetic material. | c. | Meiosis maintains the
diploid chromosome number through the first division, then random orientation of homologues in the
second division allows the chromosome number to be reduced to haploid through independent
assortment. | d. | Random orientation ensures
that there is no pattern to the alignment of paired maternal and paternal homologous chromosomes in
metaphase, allowing for independent assortment of those chromosomes during
anaphase. |
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13.
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A biologist is studying the effects of the bacterium
Thiobacillus denitrificans on
nitrate levels in a soil sample. In his experiment, the
independent variable is the
number of bacteria, the dependent variable is the nitrate
concentration, and the
biologist discovers that there is an inverse relationship between these two
variables.
Which graph represents this relationship?
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14.
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Which explanation best identifies how the process of
selective breeding is beneficial?
a. | It creates an identical copy of an organism with desired
traits. | b. | It modifies the DNA of individual animals and
plants. | c. | It involves selecting and breeding organisms with desired
traits. | d. | It involves replacing specific genes in an
organism. |
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15.
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Students have been studying cellular respiration in their
biology class and are working
on a computer simulation that allows them to test the effects of
several variables on
the products of respiration. In one simulation, they are asked to change the
initial
concentrations of several gases, one at a time, to see the impact on ATP production in a
muscle cell.
If the students begin by removing oxygen from the muscle cell, what should
they
predict will occur?
a. | The cell will produce more ATP because oxygen inhibits ATP
production in the mitochondria. | b. | The cell will produce no
ATP at all since oxygen is critical to ATP production. | c. | The cell will produce the same amount of ATP since oxygen is not a factor in ATP
production. | d. | The cell will produce some
ATP but in much lower amounts than if oxygen was present. |
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16.
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Samples of sex cells from four couples were collected and
screened for the presence of a specific gene mutation. The table shows the results of the
procedure.
 Based on the information
provided, which couple would have the greatest chance of
passing on the gene mutation to
its offspring?
a. | Couple 1 | b. | Couple
2. | c. | Couple 3 | d. | Couple4 |
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17.
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The pedigree shows the inheritance pattern of a sex-linked
dominant disease.
What would
be the possible phenotypes of the
offspring in level III?
a. | All males will inherit the
disease. | b. | Ali females will inherit the disease. | c. | All males will be carriers of the disease. | d. | All females will be carriers of the
disease. |
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18.
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All cells of a complex multicellular organism like a plant
contain the same DNA.
However, the plant contains many different kinds of cells. The mesophyll
cell present
in a leaf is different from a parenchyma cell found in the roots.
Why is a
parenchyma cell different from a mesophyll cell?
a. | Genes expressed in both types of
cells are different | b. | The DNA in both the cell types replicates Jn a different
way. | c. | Some of the genes are lost during development in both cell
types. | d. | Mutation during Its early embryonic state results in two cell
types. |
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19.
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A team of scientists has determined the gene sequence of a
newly discovered species of Insect to be: 5'-ATG GGT GAT GTT GAA AAA-3'. The table shows the gene sequences of four
other species of insects.
 Using the biochemical
similarities, what can be generalized about the evolutionary
relatedness of the newly discovered
species?
a. | The newly discovered species Is equally related to all four species of
Insects. | b. | The newly discovered species Is not related to any of the four
species of insects. | c. | The newly discovered
species Is most closely related to species 3. | d. | The newly discovered
species Is most closely related to species 4. |
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20.
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The diagram shows the structure of an ATP molecule with its
bonds labeled.
 Which bond is
responsible most often for the
production of energy during cellular
respiration?
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21.
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The diagram represents a food web.
 Which statement explains why the arrows point away from the
grasses and shrubs
and not toward them?
a. | The grasses and shrubs are autotrophs and release light energy
into the ecosystem. | b. | The grasses and shrubs
convert light energy into the chemical energy that is transferred to the primary
consumers. | c. | The arrows in a food web
always point from the largest population to the smallest population of
organisms. | d. | The grasses and shrubs
decompose organic material and recycle it back into the
ecosystem. |
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22.
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Sickle cell anemia is a disorder common in the sub-Saharan
region of Africa. Although
sickle cell anemia is generally fatal, having one allele for the
disorder is also known to
make a person resistant to malaria. Research shows that in the areas
where malaria is most common, the sickle cell trait is seen in more than 400/o of the total
population.
Which concept best explains why such a large percentage of the population has the
sickle cell trait in
this region?
a. | bioaccumulation | b. | geographic isolation | c. | interbreeding | d. | natural
selection |
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23.
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The diagrams represent a community in various stages of
succession.
 Which diagram
represents the climax community?
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24.
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Which factor helps to explain why G1 is typically the longest phase of the cell
cycle?
a. | Cells must condense their DNA to be 10,000 times shorter during
this phase. | b. | Cells must double in size
and double their numbers of organelles in this phase. | c. | Cells must double their amounts of DNA in this phase prior to cell
division. | d. | Cells must form either a cleavage furrow or cell plate during
this phase. |
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25.
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Aerobic cell respiration is able to convert an array of
different starting compounds
into energy for the cell through a series of chemical reactions in
the body.
 What compound is
represented by the X in this diagram of cell respiration?
a. | chlorophyll | b. | Citric
Acid | c. | glycogen | d. | pyruvic
acid |
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26.
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Which procedure is the safest for moving a piece of
heated glassware?
a. | Grasp the edge of the glassware with a paper
towel. | b. | Transport the glassware using tongs or heat-resistant
gloves. | c. | Pour cold water over the glassware until it has
cooled. | d. | Wearing latex gloves, grasp the glassware with both
hands. |
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27.
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Bacteria, just as with eukaryotes, sometimes experience
mutations in their DNA, the results of which can be either good or bad.
 In the scenari(I illustrated in this figure, the cells
possessing the mutation survived the initial application of an antibiotic, and those lacking the
mutation did not. What concept is illustrated by this figure?
a. | Natural selection is acting on the bacteria through their
mutation as a function of antibiotic exposure. | b. | The population is
experiencing genetic drift, and the bacteria without the mutation have survived solely by
chance. | c. | The population of bacteria is developing a higher percentage of
organisms showing pesticide resistance. | d. | The bacteria survived the
initlai antibiotic application, but they will all die if given a second dose since the bacteria have
mutated. |
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28.
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A student listed some characteristics of a
biomolecule.
 Which biomolecule is
being described?
a. | carbohydrate | b. | lipid | c. | nucleic
acid | d. | protein |
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29.
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A scientist performed an experiment to test the hypothesis
that the rate of oxygen
consumption in germinating seeds is greater when the temperature is
higher. The
scientist grew bean seeds at different temperatures and measured the amount
of
oxygen consumed by each group of germinating seeds. The graph shows the
data
obtained.
 What can be concluded
from the data obtained?
a. | The hypothesis is refuted as all the seeds growing at different
temperatures consumed oxygen. | b. | The hypothesis is verified
as the.germinating seeds consumed more oxygen at a higher temperature. | c. | The hypothesis is verified as the non-germinating seeds consumed less oxygen at a lower
temperature. | d. | The hypothesis is refuted
as the seeds did not consume the same amounts of oxygen at different
temperatures. |
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30.
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Which statement best
describes how the system used to classify living things has
changed
over time?
a. | New categories have been added over time to group related
organisms more precisely. | b. | Existing categories have
been broadened over time to include a larger range of organisms. | c. | Original categories have been used since ancient times even as new species are
continually discovered. | d. | Old categories have been
eliminated over time as less important living organisms are no longer
classified. |
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31.
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The greenhouse effect is a natural process whereby certain
gases in the atmosphere
trap heat that would otheiwise be reradiated back into space, helping to
warm Earth.
 What are some of the
gases represented by the letter X in this figure?
a. | argon and helium | b. | carbon dioxide and methane | c. | chlorofluorocarbons and
ozone | d. | nitrogen and oxygen |
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32.
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Cockroaches provide nourishment for the bacteria liVing in
their abdomens. These
bacteria help the cockroach in recycling and storing excess nitrogen that
otheiwise
would be excreted.
What type of relationship do cockroaches and bacteria
share?
a. | competition | b. | mutualism | c. | parasitism | d. | predation |
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33.
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Which process would most likely change the current classification
of two closely
related bird species to a single species?
a. | the analysis of eggs from each species | b. | the discovery of a new, related species | c. | the analysis of DNA sequences from each species | d. | the observations of behavior patterns in each
species |
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34.
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The diagram shows an animal cell.
 Which structures in this cell are also found in prokaryotic
cells?
a. | 1,2, 8 | b. | 1,5,6 | c. | 2,5,8 | d. | 3,6,10 |
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35.
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A biologist wants to determine whether or not carpenter bees
are able to produce
more honey than bumblebees. He finds a colony of each type of bee and measures the amount of honey each
has made. After one month, he returns to each of the colonies and measures the amount of honey each
has. Based on these measurements, he concludes that bumblebees produce more honey than carpenter
bees.
Is the biologist's condusion scientifically valid?
a. | No. The experiment does not have an Independent and dependent
variable. | b. | No. All factors other than the independent variable were not held
constant. | c. | Yes. The experiment Includes a control population for comparison
of both types of bees. | d. | Yes. The biologist observes and collects data from multiple colonies of both
types of bees. |
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36.
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The carbon cyde involves many processes that shuffle carbon
atoms in various forms between terrestrial, aquatic, and atmospheric locations.
 What process could be represented by the arrow indicated with an X
In this diagram?
a. | combustion | b. | condensation | c. | nitrification | d. | photosynthesis |
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37.
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The phylogenetic tree shows the evolution of land
plants.
 What can be concluded
about the evolution of land plants?
a. | Angiosperms are more closely related to seedless vascular plants
than gymnosperms. | b. | Gymnosperms and angiosperms
are least evolved among land plants. | c. | Seedless vascular plants
evolved before gymnosperms and angiosperms. | d. | Nonvascular plants and
seedless vascular plants evolved at the same time. |
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38.
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The cell cycle relies on multiple control mechanisms to keep
it going. Some regulators are internal signals while others are external signals.
Which
situation is an example of cell division triggered by an external
environmental
stimulus?
a. | Plant guard cells control the opening and closing of
stomata. | b. | Skin cells grow after a splinter has been
removed. | c. | Bacteria divide after taking in many
nutrients. | d. | Cells in the small
intestine absorb nutrients a few hours after eating. |
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39.
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The diagram shows a population of mice separated on two
islands as a result of a
natural disaster.
 Which
statement most likely explains
the phenotypic differences in the 2
populations
after 20 years of separation?
a. | The mice on Island A experienced a higher rate of genetic
mutation than the mice on Island B. | b. | The mice on Island B were
already in genetic equilibrium at the time of the separation while the mice of Island A were
not. | c. | The mice on both islands adapted to their new environments and
gradually evolved into two new species. | d. | The mice on both islands
experienced environmental conditions that influenced the survival rates of certain
phenotypes. |
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40.
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During a hot, dry day, plants close their stomata to
prevent water loss. When
scientists replicate this environment in an experiment, they observe that
over time, the plants stop producing oxygen.
Why does oxygen production
stop?
a. | Cellular respiration has stopped because the plants cannot take
in oxygen for the aerobic reactions. | b. | Photosynthesis has stopped
because the plants cannot take in oxygen for the light-dependent
reactions. | c. | Cellular respiration has
stopped because the plants cannot take in carbon dioxide for the anaerobic
reactions. | d. | Photosynthesis has stopped
because the plants cannot take in carbon dioxide for the light-independent
reactions. |
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41.
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Nutrients are continually reused and flow through an
ecosystem from organism to organism.
 What is a specific example of an organism that could be represented by the letter X on the nutrient cycle?
a. | bacteria | b. | deer | c. | ferns | d. | lions |
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42.
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Which organelle and function are accurately paired
for the process of cellular
respiration?
a. | chloroplast: converts chemical energy Into radiant
energy | b. | chloroplast: converts radiant energy into chemical
energy | c. | mitochondria: converts the energy in glucose into cellular
energy | d. | mitochondria: converts cellular energy into energy stored as
glucose |
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43.
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The processes of replication, transcription, and translation
depend on the ability of the
cell's machinery to match base pairs of nucleic acids
correctly.
What would be the base pair sequence on the complementary
strand shown here, if
this DNA was undergoing transcription?
a. | TAGCCAGTG | b. | TUGCCUGTG | c. | UAGCCAGUG | d. | UCTAACTUT |
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44.
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Derivatives of a chemical, 2,3-Butanediol (23BD), are used
in the production of
synthetic rubber, solvents, and drugs. 23BD is generally produced from oil,
but recent
studies have shown that the chemical can also be produced by certain
bacteria.
Scientists have engineered a bacterium of the Clostridium species to produce 23BD by using
carbon monoxide-containing industrial waste.
How will the production of 23BD by bacteria
affect the cost and benefit of the
products created from 23BD?
a. | The start-up costs of production likely will be low, but there
are few long-term benefits. | b. | The start-up costs of
production likely will be low, and there are many long-term benefits. | c. | The start-up costs of production likely will be high, and there are few long-term
benefits. | d. | The start-up costs of production likely will be high, but there
are many long-term benefits. |
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45.
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What is the DNA complement to this DNA sequence:
TGAGCCTTAGGA?
a. | UCTCGGAAUCCT | b. | ACTCGGAATCCT | c. | ACUCGGAAUCCU | d. | TGAGCCTTAGGA |
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46.
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A researcher needed to measure 2 grams of fertilizer to mix
with 9 milliliters (ml) of
water. Which graduated cylinder size would introduce the
least error into
the
measurement of 9 ml of water?
a. | 5 ml | b. | 10 ml | c. | 20
ml | d. | 100 ml |
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47.
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The table shows the discovery of global oil reserves and the
subsequent production of petroleum from those reserves throughout several decades.
 What can be inferred from the data?
a. | Oil reserves have increased
throughout the time period. | b. | Over time, new oil reserves are more difficult to
find. | c. | Most oil discoveries have occurred since the
1970s. | d. | The demand for oil production is likely to continue to
decrease. |
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48.
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Which factor can increase the chances of a species evolving
by natural selection?
a. | high reproductive
rate | b. | no related species | c. | stable environmental
conditions | d. | small gene pool |
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49.
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What is the basis of all forms of reproduction, both sexual
and asexual?
a. | the ability of cells to condense
DNA into X-shaped chromosomes | b. | the ability of cells to divide to form new
cells | c. | the ability of cells to
produce genetically different
offspring | d. | the ability of cells to produce identical copies of
themselves |
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50.
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White nose syndrome (WNS) is a disease that is rapidly
spreading through hibernating bats in North America. WNS is actually a fungus that has killed bats by
the millions over the past seven years.
What is the most logical consequence of this
disease?
a. | WNS will disrupt ecosystem balance where the bats live, causing
the population of insects (their primary food source) to rise, potentially leading to an increase.in insect-borne
diseases. | b. | WNS will cause the bats to become extinct, because evolutionary
mechanisms, including selection for resistance to such diseases, do not operate on small mammals like
bats. | c. | WNS will eventually cease to be a problem for the bats, because
the fungus does not grow well in the dark, moist environments (like caves) that the bats typically
occupy over the winter. | d. | WNS will cease to be a
problem for the bats, and their population will recover because bats will learn to estivate (go
dormant over the summer) as a method of avoiding conditions that cause the fungus to
spread. |
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51.
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Examine an energy pyramid for a typical
ecosystem.
 Which trophic
level(s) could also be classified as heterotrophs?
a. | Primary producers only | b. | Primary producers, Primary consumers, and Secondary
consumers | c. | Primary consumers, Secondary consumers, and Tertiary
consumers | d. | Tertiary consumers only |
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52.
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Timothy is investigating the movement of molecules Into
and out of cells. He has made observations of four cells before and after being placed In four
different solutions labeled with the same letter (A, B, C, or D).
Timothy's data can be found in the tables.
 Which cell has undergone active
transport?
a. | Cell A | b. | Cell B | c. | Cell
C | d. | Cell D |
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53.
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How is DNA critical to the survival and proper
functioning of the cell?
a. | DNA codes for particular glycollplds in the cell, and the amounts
are crltlcal for maintaining regular body temperature in warm-blooded
organisms. | b. | DNA codes for specific RNA
sequences, which in tum are synthesized into carbohydrates and phosphollpids on the cell's
endoplasmic reticulum. | c. | DNA codes for the
production of sodium and potassium salts in the cell's cytoplasm, and the concentrations
regulate osmosis and water uptake in the cell. | d. | DNA codes for the
production of specific proteins in the cell, which play a primary role in the structure and function
of the cell and Its
subunits |
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54.
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What is the segment of DNA that contains information to
synthesize a specific protein
molecule?
a. | Chromosome. | b. | codon | c. | gene | d. | RNA |
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55.
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Why do people training for athletic events consume lots of
carbohydrates in their
diets?
a. | Carbohydrates help transport fluids in the
body. | b. | Carbohydrates help control the movement of
muscles. | c. | Carbohydrates act as an Immediate source of
energy. | d. | Carbohydrates can be converted to proteins and fats by the
body. |
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56.
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The diagram shows the complete process of
photosynthesis.
What is represented by the letters P and
Q in the diagram?
a. | Both P and Q represent light-dependent
reactions.. | b. | Both P and Q represent light-independent reactions. | c. | P represents the light-dependent reactions, and Q represents
the light-independent reactions. | d. | P represents the
light-independent reactions, and Q represents the light-dependent
reactions. |
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57.
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A student plans to
perform an experiment to determine the relationship between the
exposure of water to sunlight and the amount of bacteria in the
water. What
hypothesis would be most appropriate for this investigation?
a. | If the type of water used Is varied, then the bacterial growth
will also vary. | b. | If the exposure to sunlight Is increased, then the bacterial growth in the water will
decrease. | c. | If more bacteria are present in the water, then exposure to
sunlight will not hamper their growth. | d. | If both the temperature and
type of water are varied, then the bacterial growth will also vary. |
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58.
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What condition is necessary for a genetic change that occurs
in one Individual to be
spread to
other individuals?
a. | a common gene pool | b. | a common phenotype. | c. | a similar
habitat | d. | a similar niche |
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59.
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The impact that one organism has on another can be
represented symbolically.
 Using the symbols
provided in the key, what type of relationship between two
organisms could be represented by the
notation - I- ?
a. | commensallsm | b. | competition | c. | parasitism | d. | predation |
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60.
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An unseasonably dry summer and fall followed by an early
winter resulted in an
increase in limiting factors in an ecosystem. As a result, the number of
deer, then the number of wolves, decreased.
What does this situation illustrate about the
relationship between populations and limiting factors?
a. | Density-independent limiting factors triggered the declines in
the deer and wolf populations. | b. | Reduced competition for
limiting factors resulted in declines in the deer and wolf populations. | c. | The increase in limiting factors was a direct result of an overabundance of biotic
factors. | d. | The early winter was the primary limiting factor for the deer and
wolf populations. |
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