Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Students were
asked to design an experiment related to plant processes. Their setup is shown in the diagram.
 Which hypothesis is
most relevant for their experiment?
a. |
If plant cells are not
exposed to light, the amount of glucose they produce will decrease.
| b. |
The size of a plant's leaves will
determine how much oxygen is given off by the plant.
| c. |
As the amount of fertilizer added to plants
increases, the growth rate will increase.
| d. |
As the number of daylight hours increases, plant reproduction will
increase.
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2.
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Which cell
organelle is correctly aligned with its function?
a. |
chloroplast- controls
cell function
| b. |
cytoplasm- digests old cell parts
| c. |
mitochondrion- stores wastes
| d. |
ribosome- produces
proteins
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3.
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Daphne needs to place one drop of iodine on a slide to
stain cells taken from an onion. Which apparatus is best for measuring the iodine?
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4.
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What is most
important about the technological design process?
a. | The product should always be designed and constructed quickly.
| b. |
The materials used to
create the product should be unique and expensive.
| c. |
The product should solve a problem or meet a
need that benefits society.
| d. |
The risks involved in constructing the product should always exceed
the benefits.
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5.
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In order to compare the process of scientific
investigation to the technological design process, it is important to know the differences in the
steps. Which step is involved only in technological design?
a. | Identify a problem.
| b. | Research related information. | c. |
Analyze the results.
| d. |
Evaluate the product.
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6.
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Students were studying the size variations of beetle
larva. They measured the length of each larva as shown in the diagram.
What is the length of the larva?
a. | 1.5mm | b. | 1.5cm
| c. |
2.5mm
| d. |
2.5cm |
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7.
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Cell biologists
determined the chemical composition of the cytoplasm in multiple samples of cells taken from an
unknown microorganism as shown in the graph.
 Which statement reflects a valid conclusion based upon the data from this experiment?
a. |
Less than 25% of the
cytoplasm is composed of water.
| b. |
More than 85% of the cell is composed of water.
| c. |
The cytoplasm is composed
mainly of nutrients such as proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.
| d. |
The cytoplasm is composed mainly of
inorganic compounds such as water and salts.
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8.
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Which sequence reflects the hierarchy of organization
from the simplest to the most complex?
a. |
cells--> tissues--> organs--> systems
| b. |
cells-->organs --> tissues--> systems
| c. |
systems--> organs--> tissues-->cells
| d. |
tissues -->cells--> systems --> organs
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9.
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A biology class wanted to determine which colors of light
are best used by plants for photosynthesis. They placed 3 types of plants of similar mass in an
underwater environment. The plants were subjected to 15 minutes of a colored light, then students
counted the number of gas bubbles each plant gave off over 30 seconds. Each type of plant was tested
6 times, and the average number of bubbles was recorded in the table.
Which graph is the best representation of the data?
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10.
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Examine the safety symbol.
What precautions should be taken when a lab procedure has this symbol?
a. |
Use latex gloves.
| b. |
Use safety goggles.
| c. |
Wear close-toed shoes.
| d. |
Have a fire extinguisher
available.
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11.
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How are
unicellular organisms similar to multicellular organisms?
a. |
Both types of organisms
are the same size and shape.
| b. |
Both types of organisms carry out all functions needed to sustain
life.
| c. |
Both types of organisms can only be seen with a microscope.
| d. |
Both types of organisms
are composed of many different cells.
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12.
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Which statement
describes the difference between the DNA of a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell?
a. |
Eukaryotic cells have
circular DNA contained in a nucleus.
| b. |
Eukaryotic cells have DNA contained in chromosomes not inside a
nucleus.
| c. |
Prokaryotic cells have circular DNA not contained in a nucleus.
| d. |
Prokaryotic cells have
DNA contained in chromosomes inside a nucleus.
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13.
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Brianna designed
an experiment to determine how the concentration of sugar affected the osmosis of water in potato
cells. She hypothesized that more water would leave the cells of the potato and thereby have less
mass as the concentration increased. She cut a potato into 4 cubes of the same length, diameter, and
mass. Then she placed each cube into 4 beakers containing differing amounts of sugar. After 24 hours,
each cube was removed from the solution, and the mass was measured. The results are shown in the
table.
 Was Brianna's
research valid?
a. |
Yes. The cube in the most
highly concentrated sugar solution had the least mass which supports the hypothesis.
| b. |
Yes. Since she only
tested one variable, the sugar concentration, that means the results will always be valid.
| c. |
No. The experiment did
not include a control group as a standard of comparison for the results.
| d. |
No. The data is not
reliable since only one potato cube was tested in each different sugar solution.
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14.
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The enzyme catalase is found in potato cells. Its
function is to break down hydrogen peroxide (a harmful by-product of cell metabolism) into harmless
water and oxygen.
What will happen to the enzyme if the
amount of hydrogen peroxide keeps increasing?
a. |
It will be used up, and
the cells will be poisoned.
| b. |
It will be used up, and more enzyme will be produced.
| c. |
It will be denatured by
the hydrogen peroxide.
| d. |
It will be reused to break down the hydrogen peroxide.
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15.
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What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
a. |
It converts light energy
to energy contained in chemical bonds.
| b. |
It breaks the hydrogen bonds in water molecules.
| c. |
It converts water and
carbon dioxide to sugar.
| d. |
It provides the energy needed for the light dependent reactions.
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16.
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What most likely will happen when a cell's chemical
control system fails to regulate its cell cycle?
a. | Cellular respiration will stop. | b. | ATP production will speed up.
| c. |
A clump of densely packed cells will form a
tumor.
| d. | The cell will differentiate
to form large stem cells.
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17.
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A baker uses yeast to make bread dough, then lets it sit
for one hour. During that time the dough doubles in size. How can this be explained?
a. |
Aerobic respiration
releases oxygen.
| b. |
Alcohol fermentation releases carbon dioxide.
| c. |
Photosynthesis releases
oxygen.
| d. |
Lactic acid fermentation releases carbon dioxide.
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18.
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A student placed a freshwater plant leaf on a slide with
a drop of water. She recorded her observations in diagram A. She added a 15% salt solution to the
slide and recorded her observations in diagram B.
 What caused the observed changes in the cell?
a. |
More water diffused into
the cell than out of the cell.
| b. |
More water diffused out of the cell than into the cell.
| c. |
More salt diffused into
the cell than out of the cell.
| d. |
More salt diffused out of the cell than into the
cell.
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19.
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Analyze the diagram to answer the question.
Which statement is correct about cells Y and Z?
a. |
Cells Y and Z are not
identical to cell W.
| b. |
Cells Y and Z are not identical to one another.
| c. |
Cells Y and Z are
identical to one another but not to cell W.
| d. |
Cells Y and Z are identical to one another and
to cell W.
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20.
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Gregor Mendel
completed a large portion of his work in genetics by pollinating various pea plants. The Punnett
square shows a cross between a round, green (Rryy) plant with a round, yellow (RRYy) plant. Complete
the cross showing the inheritance of these two traits.
What
outcome can be predicted from this cross?
a. |
All of their offspring
will be round and yellow.
| b. |
None of their offspring will be round and green.
| c. |
There is a 50% chance
that they will have either round, yellow offpsring or wrinkled, green offspring.
| d. |
There is a 50% chance
that they will have either round, yellow offspring or round, green
offspring.
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21.
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Use the information to answer the questions
A cross
is performed between two flowers as shown in the Punnett square.
Assume these flowers
follow normal patterns of dominance and recessiveness and that the dominant allele codes for yellow
flowers, and the recessive allele codes for orange flowers. What should be the phenotypic ratio of
the offspring from this cross?
a. |
4 yellow : 0 orange
| b. |
2 yellow : 2 orange
| c. |
3 yellow : 1 orange
| d. |
1 yellow : 3 orange
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22.
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Use the information to answer the questions
A cross
is performed between two flowers as shown in the Punnett square.
Assume these flowers
follow normal patterns of dominance and recessiveness and that the dominant allele codes for yellow
flowers, and the recessive allele codes for orange flowers.
If, instead, these flowers show a codominance inheritance
pattern, what would be the phenotypic ratio of the offspring from this cross?
a. |
1 yellow : 2 yellow with
orange stripes : 1 orange
| b. |
1 yellow : 2 solid yellowish orange blended color : 1 orange
| c. |
3 yellow : 1 orange
| d. |
1 yellow : 3 orange
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23.
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During protein
synthesis, the mRNA codon is paired with its anticodon on the tRNA. The tRNA carries a specific amino
acid that joins a strand of amino acids to form a polypeptide.
What is this process, and
where does it take place in the cell?
a. |
translation in the
ribosome
| b. |
translation in the nucleus
| c. |
transcription in the nucleus
| d. |
transcription in the
ribosome
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24.
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What is the role
of ATP when large molecules need to be transported across the cell membrane against the concentration
gradient?
a. |
The bond between the
phosphate groups is broken to store energy.
| b. |
The bond between the phosphate groups is broken
to release energy.
| c. |
Bonds are formed between the adenine and the ribose to store
energy.
| d. |
Bonds are formed between the ribose and the phosphate to release
energy.
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25.
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Long term energy,
insulation for the body, and cushioning for vital organs, are all functions of which organic
molecule?
a. |
carbohydrate
| b. | fat | c. | protein | d. | sugar |
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26.
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Use the diagram
to answer the question.
 In addition to
oxygen, what compound would be produced in this reaction?
a. |
alcohol
| b. | carbon
dioxide | c. | glucose | d. | lactic acid |
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27.
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Why is the
electron transport chain an important step in aerobic respiration?
a. |
It releases oxygen as a
waste product.
| b. |
It breaks down glucose molecules.
| c. |
It produces up to 36 ATP molecules.
| d. |
It converts water and
carbon dioxide into glucose.
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28.
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A scientist needs
to create an exact copy of a cell's DNA. What process is required?
a. |
differentiation
| b. |
DNA replication
| c. |
mutation
| d. |
protein synthesis
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29.
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Why do fats have
higher caloric value than other organic molecules?
a. |
They contain more
carbon-hydrogen bonds.
| b. |
They are composed of complex monosaccharides.
| c. |
They are composed of
amino acids bonded together.
| d. |
They contain fewer ATP molecules per gram.
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30.
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Study the
information in the table to answer the question.
 What types of molecules are substances 1 and 2?
a. |
Substance 1: DNA
Substance 2: RNA
| b. |
Substance 1: RNA Substance 2: DNA
| c. |
Substance 1: DNA Substance 2: ATP
| d. |
Substance 1: RNA
Substance 2: ATP
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31.
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DNA replication
occurs before meiosis I but not before meiosis II. Why is that important?
a. |
It results in uneven
division of the cytoplasm.
| b. |
It results in increased genetic diversity for the species.
| c. |
It results in offspring
that are genetically identical to the parents.
| d. |
It results in daughter cells with the haploid
number of chromosomes.
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32.
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Examine the
diagram of genetic material found in the cell.
Which
selection shows the relationship between the components?
a. |
W : DNA; X : chromosome;
Y : gene
| b. |
W : chromosome; X : DNA; Y : gene
| c. |
W : gene; X : DNA; Y : chromosome
| d. |
W : chromosome; X : gene;
Y : DNA
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33.
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Which
characteristics of an insect population enable it to adapt and develop resistance to a pesticide
quickly?
a. |
greater variation and
slow rate of reproduction
| b. |
less variation and slow rate of reproduction
| c. |
greater variation and
high rate of reproduction
| d. |
less variation and high rate of reproduction
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34.
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In wrens, feather
color inheritance is an example of incomplete dominance, so B represents black feather and W
represents white feathers. If a wren with genotype WW is mated with a wren with genotype BB, what is
the likelihood that their offspring will have grey feathers?
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35.
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Spider silk is
five times stronger than steel and three times tougher than man-made fibers. It is great to use in
the manufacture of bulletproof vests, but it is difficult to harvest large quantities of silk from
spiders. The diagram shows the process used to generate large quantities of spider silk.
 What type of process
is illustrated?
a. |
genetic engineering
| b. |
hybridization
| c. |
inbreeding
| d. |
selective breeding
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36.
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Species that
share the most amino acids in the cytochrome-C protein are more closely related. Examine the amino
acid data in the table.
Which two species in the table are the
most closely related?
a. |
species 2 and 3
| b. |
species 2 and 5
| c. |
species 4 and 3
| d. |
species 4 and 5
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37.
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Use this information to answer the question.
A
farmer sprays an insecticide on his tomato plants to kill the insects that are eating the leaves.
Some of the insects are resistant to the pesticide.
Which leaf shows what the later generation, after pesticide
application, should look like?
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38.
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Use this information to answer the question.
A
farmer sprays an insecticide on his tomato plants to kill the insects that are eating the leaves.
Some of the insects are resistant to the pesticide.
What process is demonstrated by this example?
a. |
abiogenesis
| b. |
biogenesis
| c. |
macroevolution
| d. |
microevolution
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39.
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As seen in the
pedigree, a couple has 4 children: 2 girls and 2 boys. Neither parent has hemophilia, but one of
their children and a couple of grandchildren have the disease.
What is
the probability that their great-grandson, indicated by the "?," will inherit the allele
for hemophilia from his father?
a. |
0% It is a sex-linked
disorder found on the X chromosome, but their great-grandson will inherit the Y chromosome from his
father.
| b. |
50% It is a sex-linked disorder, so their great-grandson has a 50%
chance of inheriting the X chromosome from his father.
| c. |
50% Since the father is a carrier of the
recessive trait, there is a 50% chance that he will pass the allele for the trait on to their
great-grandson.
| d. |
100% Since it is a dominant trait found on the Y chromosome, their
great-grandson will definitely inherit the trait from his father who has the disease.
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40.
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Which explanation
best describes the main difference between sex cell and somatic cell mutations?
a. |
Only mutations that occur
in somatic cells can be passed to the offspring of an organism.
| b. |
Only mutations that occur in sex cells are
harmful, and usually lethal, to the organism.
| c. |
Mutations that take place in a sex cell can be
passed to the offspring of the organism.
| d. |
Mutations that take place in a somatic cell are always harmful, and
usually lethal, to the organism.
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41.
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A species of deer
in China and a species of deer in the United States have a common ancestor. What explains the
differences between these two species?
a. |
acquired traits
| b. |
asexual reproduction
| c. |
binary fission
| d. |
genetic recombination
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42.
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The diagram
illustrates adaptive radiation.
 What condition would have allowed for the development of this diversity?
a. |
an abundance of mates
| b. |
an abundance of offspring
| c. |
an abundance of niches
| d. |
an abundance of predators
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43.
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Examine the chart
that compares asexual and sexual reproduction to answer the question.
What statement most appropriately represents letters W and X?
a. |
Mitosis; Produces
genetically identical offspring
| b. |
Meiosis; Produces genetically identical offspring
| c. |
Mitosis; Produces
diversity among offspring
| d. |
Meiosis; Produces diversity among offspring
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44.
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Organisms that share more characteristics are more
closely related. The table shows the presence or absence of four characteristics in five different
organisms.
Which cladogram accurately represents the evolutionary
relationships that exist between organism 1 and the others?
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45.
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Organisms that share more characteristics are more
closely related. The table shows the presence or absence of four characteristics in five different
organisms.
What primary type of evolutionary data was used to determine
the relationships between the organisms?
a. | anatomy | b. | biochemistry | c. | embryology | d. | paleontology |
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