Practice Unit 1 - Biomolecules and Cells
 
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Practice Unit 1 - Biomolecules and Cells

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
All organic compounds contain the element
a.
C
c.
Ca
b.
N
d.
Na
 

 2. 
Which of the following is a carbohydrate?
a.
DNA
c.
wax
b.
insulin
d.
sucrose
 

 3. 
Which organic molecules below are classified as carbohydrates?
a.
amino acids
c.
nucleotides
b.
fatty acids
d.
sugars
 

 4. 
Animals store glucose in the form of
a.
cellulose.
c.
wax.
b.
glycogen.
d.
lipids.
 

 5. 
Polysaccharides are
a.
carbohydrates.
c.
proteins.
b.
lipids.
d.
unsaturated fats.
 
 
nar001-1.jpgnar001-2.jpg
              Molecule A                                              Molecule B
 

 6. 
Refer to the illustration above. Molecules like Molecule B are found in
a.
carbohydrates.
c.
nucleic acids.
b.
lipids.
d.
proteins.
 

 7. 
Lipids are
a.
polar molecules.
c.
water soluble.
b.
similar to water molecules.
d.
nonpolar molecules.
 

 8. 
Which organic molecules below are most closely related to proteins?
a.
amino acids
c.
nucleotides
b.
fatty acids
d.
sugars
 

 9. 
All of the following are examples of lipids except
a.
saturated fats.
c.
cholesterol.
b.
starch.
d.
earwax.
 

 10. 
Lipids are soluble in
a.
water.
c.
oil.
b.
salt water.
d.
All of the above
 

 11. 
Which organic molecules below are most closely related to lipids?
a.
amino acids
c.
nucleotides
b.
fatty acids
d.
sugars
 
 
nar002-1.jpg
 

 12. 
Refer to the illustration above. Which structure immediately identifies this cell as a eukaryote?
a.
structure 1
c.
structure 3
b.
structure 2
d.
structure 4
 

 13. 
Refer to the illustration above. Structure 1 is
a.
endoplasmic reticulum.
c.
a mitochondrion.
b.
a Golgi apparatus.
d.
the nucleus.
 

 14. 
Refer to the illustration above. The cell uses structure 3 to
a.
transport material from one part of the cell to another.
b.
package proteins so they can be stored by the cell.
c.
use light energy to make sugar.
d.
use energy from organic compounds to make ATP.
 

 15. 
Refer to the illustration above. In eukaryotic cells, DNA is found in
a.
structure 1.
c.
structure 3.
b.
structure 2.
d.
structure 5.
 

 16. 
Refer to the illustration above. The cell shown is probably an animal cell because it
a.
has mitochondria.
c.
has a cell membrane.
b.
does not have a cell wall.
d.
does not have a nucleus.
 

 17. 
The double membrane surrounding the nucleus is called the
a.
nucleolus.
c.
ribosome.
b.
nuclear wall.
d.
nuclear envelope.
 

 18. 
In a cell, proteins are made on the
a.
mitochondria.
c.
nucleus.
b.
ribosomes.
d.
cell membrane.
 

 19. 
The organelles associated with plant photosynthesis are the
a.
mitochondria.
c.
Golgi apparatus.
b.
chloroplasts.
d.
vacuoles.
 

 20. 
All the following are found in both plant and animal cells, except
a.
a cell wall.
c.
mitochondria.
b.
a cell membrane.
d.
endoplasmic reticulum.
 

 21. 
Amino acids are monomers of
a.
disaccharides.
c.
nucleotides.
b.
proteins.
d.
steroids.
 

 22. 
Nucleic acids include
a.
chlorophyll and retinal.
c.
lipids and sugars.
b.
DNA and RNA.
d.
glucose and glycogen.
 

 23. 
The earliest known group of living organisms on Earth was
a.
viruses.
c.
bacteria.
b.
fungi.
d.
protists.
 

 24. 
Bacteria are the only organisms characterized as
a.
unicellular.
c.
eukaryotic.
b.
prokaryotic.
d.
photosynthetic.
 

 25. 
Bacteria can be classified according to their
a.
type of cell walls.
c.
Gram-staining characteristics.
b.
methods of obtaining energy.
d.
All of the above
 
 
nar003-1.jpg
 

 26. 
Refer to the illustration above. Which of the diagrams has a shape like the Bacillus bacterial genus?
a.
Organism “A”
c.
Organism “C”
b.
Organism “B”
d.
None of the above
 

 27. 
Refer to the illustration above. The shape represented by Organism “C” is called
a.
coccus.
c.
bacillus.
b.
spirillum.
d.
filamentous.
 

 28. 
Bacteria lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; therefore, they are classified as
a.
prokaryotes.
c.
anaerobes.
b.
aerobes.
d.
eukaryotes.
 

 29. 
Which of the following might be found in the cytoplasm of a bacterial cell?
a.
chloroplasts
c.
mitochondria
b.
Golgi bodies
d.
None of the above
 

 30. 
Which of the following are used by at least some bacteria for movement?
a.
pili
c.
cytoplasmic projections
b.
flagella
d.
All of the above
 

 31. 
A pathogen is an agent that is
a.
beneficial to humans.
c.
harmful to living organisms.
b.
harmful only to plants.
d.
nearly extinct.
 

 32. 
Antibiotics
a.
include penicillin, tetracycline, and streptomycin.
b.
may prevent bacteria from making new cell walls.
c.
are very effective treatments for bacterial diseases.
d.
All of the above
 

 33. 
Hooke’s discovery of cells was made observing
a.
living algal cells.
c.
dead plant cells.
b.
living human blood cells.
d.
dead protist cells.
 

 34. 
The smallest units of life in all living things are
a.
cells.
c.
cytoplasm.
b.
mitochondria.
d.
Golgi apparatus.
 

 35. 
A cell that can change its shape would be well suited for
a.
receiving and transmitting nerve impulses.
b.
covering the body surface.
c.
moving to different tissues through narrow openings.
d.
All of the above
 

 36. 
One difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that
a.
nucleic acids are found only in prokaryotes.
b.
mitochondria are found in larger quantities in eukaryotes.
c.
Golgi vesicles are found only in prokaryotes.
d.
prokaryotes have no nuclear membrane.
 

 37. 
Which of the following is characteristic of prokaryotes?
a.
They have a nucleus.
b.
They were found on Earth before eukaryotes.
c.
The organelles in their cytoplasm are surrounded by membranes.
d.
None of the above
 

 38. 
Which of the following is an example of a prokaryotic cell?
a.
amoeba
c.
bacterium
b.
virus
d.
liver cell
 

 39. 
Only eukaryotic cells have
a.
DNA.
c.
ribosomes.
b.
membrane-bound organelles.
d.
cytoplasm.
 

 40. 
Studying a picture of a cell taken with an electron microscope, you find that the cell has no nucleus and no mitochondria, but it does have a cell membrane and a cell wall. You conclude that the cell is probably from a(n)
a.
animal.
c.
prokaryote.
b.
plant.
d.
now extinct organism.
 

 41. 
Cell membranes
a.
are only found on a small number of cells.
b.
contain genes.
c.
are made of DNA.
d.
are thin coverings that surround cells.
 

 42. 
The structure that regulates what enters and leaves the cell is called
a.
the nucleus.
c.
the nuclear membrane.
b.
the cell wall.
d.
the cell membrane.
 

 43. 
The cell membrane
a.
encloses the contents of a cell.
b.
allows material to enter and leave the cell.
c.
is selectively permeable.
d.
All of the above
 

 44. 
A structure within a cell that performs a specific function is called a(n)
a.
organelle.
c.
tissue.
b.
organ tissue.
d.
biocenter.
 

 45. 
A particularly active cell might contain large numbers of
a.
chromosomes.
c.
mitochondria.
b.
vacuoles.
d.
walls.
 

 46. 
Golgi apparatus are organelles that
a.
receive proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum.
b.
label the molecules made in the endoplasmic reticulum with tags that specify their destination.
c.
release molecules in vesicles.
d.
All of the above
 

 47. 
In which of the following organelles is a cell’s ATP produced?
a.
mitochondrion
c.
Golgi apparatus
b.
endoplasmic reticulum
d.
lysosome
 

 48. 
Numerous threadlike organelles that protrude from the surface of a cell and are packed in tight rows are called
a.
flagella.
c.
actin filaments.
b.
microtubules.
d.
cilia.
 

 49. 
The packaging and distribution center of the cell is the
a.
nucleus.
c.
central vacuole.
b.
Golgi apparatus.
d.
nuclear envelope.
 

 50. 
All cells have
a.
a covering called a membrane that surrounds the cell and controls what information and materials enter and leave it.
b.
an internal fluid that gives shape to the cell and supports the other things within it.
c.
a central zone or nucleus that contains the cell's genes.
d.
All of the above
 

 51. 
How are chloroplasts like mitochondria?
a.
They can both use energy from sunlight.
b.
They look alike.
c.
They both manufacture food and release energy.
d.
They are both found in animal cells.
 

 52. 
The organelles in plant cells that contain a green pigment are the
a.
mitochondria.
c.
chloroplasts.
b.
bilayer lipids.
d.
Golgi apparatus.
 

 53. 
Plant cells have large membrane-bound spaces in which water, waste products, and nutrients are stored. These places are known as
a.
mitochondria.
c.
Golgi apparatus.
b.
chloroplasts.
d.
vacuoles.
 

 54. 
A model of enzyme action is the
a.
induced fit model
c.
activator action model
b.
lipid bilayer model
d.
acive site model
 

 55. 
All of the following are functional groups except
a.
a hydroxyl group.
c.
a carboxyl group
b.
a amino group
d.
a carbonate group
 

 56. 
Which of the following is the correct order of organization of structures in living things, from simplest to most complex?
a.
organ systems, organs, tissues, cells
b.
tissues, cells, organs, organ systems
c.
cells, tissues, organ systems, organs
d.
cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
 

 57. 
Without enzymes, the chemical reactions in the body would
a.
happen too fast
b.
occur at much the same rate as they do with enzymes.
c.
require a different pH.
d.
occur too slowly to support life processes
 

 58. 

Carbon atoms can bond together to form all of the following except

a.
ring structures
b.
inorganic structures
c.
straight chain structures.
d.
branched structures
 

 59. 
Prokaryotes can transfer pieces of genetic material in a process called
a.
binary fission
b.
mitosis
c.
conjugation
d.
sexual reproduction
 

 60. 
Which of the following is not a way of preventing a foodborne illness at home?
a.
washing kitchen utensils thoroughly in cold water
b.
keeping cooked and raw foods separate during storage
c.
washing fresh fruits and vegetables before eating them
d.
refrigerating leftovers promptly
 



 
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